All posts by : chebby

Using one of the experimental studies that tested an intervention that you used previously in the course or a different study, complete these tasks and answer these questions:

• Provide the purpose/objective/aim of the study in the exact words used in the study.
• From the purpose/objective/aim of the study, identify:
  • The population
  • The intervention (independent variable)
  • The outcome (dependent) variable
    • What is the level of measurement of the DV (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)? Provide the rationale based on the instrument used to measure the DV. What type of variable is the DV (categorical or continuous)?
• Write the null and alternative hypotheses in words and equation format for one of the inferential tests related to the purpose of the study.
• Give the values for the descriptive statistics for the outcome variable.
• What inferential test was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention? Give the rationale for this test based on the level of measurement of and the descriptive statistic reported for the outcome variable.
• What are the assumptions for this test (cite the source where you find them)? Are they met in this study? Provide information given in the study that can be used to determine whether each assumption is or is not met. What information is not given?
• Using the p-value rule, was the intervention effective based on statistical analysis? State the rule and the decision about the null hypothesis.
• Based on the decision related to the null hypothesis, what type of statistical error is possible? What are possible causes of this error? What did the researcher do to minimize the possible error?
• Identify at least two of the common statistical errors listed in Chapter 15 in the textbook to explain what the researcher could have done to avoid these mistakes and ensure the validity of the findings.
•  Using the Balkin & Lenz (2021), Barria (2023) or Ranganathan et al. (2016) article plus your clinical knowledge of the intervention and outcome variables, critical thinking, and your experience with your patients and setting, do the results of this study have clinical significance? Is the difference in the value of the descriptive statistic large enough to predict that the benefit of adopting the intervention would justify the cost (not just money) and effort of implementing the intervention? Does the clinical significance of the results of this study match the statistical significance? Explain your answer.

 This upcoming task will ideally, but not necessarily, be focused on a topic you are interested in as a possible topic for the project you will conduct. The purpose of this project is not for you to draft parts of the project you will conduct. The purpose is for you to demonstrate how to formulate a data analysis plan that will fulfill the purpose of a practice change project. Here is the outline of part of the content of a proposal for a hypothetical DNP project with a focus on statistical analysis. DNP projects are a type of translational research – translating previous research into practice. For this task, you should use a previously published project or research study as the basis for the methodology of a hypothetical project. When this is done in an actual project, the previous research methodology is adopted to the specific setting, patients, and time frame for the project. Cite the research study that you are using as a basis for your proposal Use this outline to organize your contribution this week. 

• State the purpose of the project. Cite the research that is the basis for the proposal.
• Transform the purpose statement into a PICOT-formatted project question (See the Gallagher & Melnyk, 2019, editorial for additional information cited under the Instructional Resources for this week.).
  • P = Population – who will be included in the project and how many groups will be studied in the project.
  • I = Intervention – the treatment or intervention that will be manipulated or changed during the implementation phase of the project.
  • C = Comparison – the usual treatment or intervention used prior to the project.
  • O = Outcome – the characteristic that will be measured to determine the effect of the intervention.
    • Find or identify a data collection instrument to measure this variable and give the name of the instrument.
    • Indicate what type of variable this instrument collects (categorical or continuous) and what level of measurement it is (nominal, ordinal, interval, variable).
  • T = Time: Total time for data collection from the start of data collection to the end. 
• Data analysis – Descriptive statistics:
  • Identify the descriptive statistics that will be used to organize and summarize the data collected that will fulfill the purpose of the study – choose one of the descriptive statistics listed below and give the rationale for your choice based on the type of data produced by the data collection instrument:
    • Measure of central tendency with measure of variability and range.
    • Frequency with percentages.
• Describe the most effective method to use for illustrating the descriptive statistics with a graph or histogram.
• Data analysis – inferential statistic:
  • Name the most appropriate inferential statistic to use to fulfill the purpose of the study:
  • Give the rationale for your choice based on the purpose statement, PICO-formatted project question, and the type of data produced by the data collection instrument.
  • What are the assumptions for this test?
• Write the null and alternative hypotheses for the inferential statistic in words and in an equation using the same designations of the population, variables, and time that were used in the purpose statement and PICOT-formatted project question.
• How will the effect size of the findings be determined? Give the rationale for your choice based on the inferential test used.

Find a published research study on a topic that you could use for your DNP project that reported ORs or RRs(NO meta-analysis)

• Give the purpose/objective/aim of the study exactly as it is written in the study.
  • What is the population in the study?
  • Identify the variables in the study that you will focus on. Designate the variables as an IV and DV. What is the level of measurement of the variables (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio), and type (categorical or continuous)?
• If one or more hypotheses were stated in the article for the OR or RR, give the one you will focus on here. Give the stated hypothesis as an equation. Write the other hypothesis (the Ho or Ha that was not given) in words and an equation. If a hypothesis was not stated, then restate the purpose/objective/aim as a null hypothesis in words and equation format. Do this for both a null and alternative hypothesis. Again, focus on only two sets of variables tested by an OR or RR. Use the format in the handout attached to the announcement for this week.
• What is the assumption for ORs or RRs (cite the source where you find it)? Is it met in this study? Provide information given in the study that can be used to determine whether each assumption is or is not met. What information is not given?
• What alpha level (level of significance) was used?
• Give the descriptive statistics for at least two risk factors and related outcome(s) analyzed by ORs or RRs.
• Give the values for the ORs or RRs and p-value for the risk factors named used for the descriptive statistics.
• Use the p-value rule to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
• What type of error is possible based on the decision about the null hypothesis? List the common reason(s) for this possible error and identify which of them applies to this study.
• If CIs are reported for the ORs or RRs, use the CI rule to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
• Do the risk factors increase or decrease the risk of the outcome or event? Explain your answer.
• Convert the OR or RR to a percentage and interpret the magnitude of the OR or RR.
• Determine the clinical significance of the ORs or RRs by using your knowledge, critical thinking, and experience with your patients and setting, would you incorporate the variables into your practice, for example, adding them to your assessment in order to identify patients at risk for the outcome or event? Is your evaluation of the clinical significance of the findings consistent with the statistical significance for the findings? Explain your rationale.

Reply
 

The development of nursing knowledge is an ongoing process. Discuss the case for the ongoing development and use of nursing grand theories and conversely, make a case for the obsolescence of nursing grand theories for today’s practice and research.

Please include 400 words in your initial post with two scholarly articles. 

References in APA format . Turnitin 30 % Max

Describe the influence “levels of evidence” have on practice changes. Identify the most reliable level of evidence and provide an example of the type of practice change that could result from this level of evidence.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

Statistical significance refers to the likelihood that the results of a study are not due to chance, while clinical significance refers to the practical importance of the results in terms of their impact on patient care. In other words, statistical significance is a measure of the strength of the evidence, while clinical significance is a measure of the relevance of the evidence to real-world situations.

Using a quantitative research article from one of the previous topics, analyze the p-value. What is it? Is it statistically significant? If your p-value is not statistically significant, what is the clinical significance? Generalizability of research depends on a variety of factors. List three factors of generalizability, and discuss whether this research article is generalizable to the nursing problem you are researching.

Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.

1. Application of Course Knowledge: Answer all questions/criteria with explanations and detail.
   •  Discuss how advanced practice nurses use population health competencies to identify and address the needs of their client population.
   • Describe how advanced practice nurses can collaborate with other healthcare professionals and community stakeholders to address the needs of populations. 
   • Discuss challenges advanced practice nurses face when integrating population health competencies into their practice, including strategies to overcome these barriers. 
   • Discuss how organizations and healthcare systems can support advanced practice nurses in implementing population health strategies and initiatives. 
2. Integration of Evidence: Integrate relevant scholarly sources as defined by program expectationsLinks to an external site.:
   • Cite a scholarly source in the initial post.
   • Cite a scholarly source in one faculty response post.
   • Cite a scholarly source in one peer post.
   • Accurately analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles from evidence with no more than one short quote (15 words or less) for the week.
   • Include a minimum of two different scholarly sources per week. Cite all references and provide references for all citations.
3. Engagement in Meaningful Dialogue: Engage peers and faculty by asking questions and offering new insights, applications, perspectives, information, or implications for practice.
   • Peer Response: Respond to at least one peer.
   • Faculty Response: Respond to at least one faculty post.
   • Communicate using respectful, collegial language and terminology appropriate to advanced nursing practice.
4. Professionalism in Communication: Communicate with minimal errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation.
5. Reference Citation: Use current APA format to format citations and references free of errors.

• For your introductory post, imagine you are on an interview. Please provide a response to the following questions via a video response:
  1. Tell us your name and, if you have a nickname, let us know what you like to go by.
  2. If you feel comfortable, tell us a little about where you are from and any hobbies that you enjoy.
  3. Tell us what your current nursing role is and what your future goals are for your nursing career.
  4. Tell us what you hope you gain from class and how you hope it will help you in your role as a nurse.

Let’s dive into stakeholder perceptions of the U.S. healthcare system as this will be a great foundation for the rest of the course.

As a consumer of healthcare services and insurance, consider your own perspectives of the U.S. healthcare system. Please address each of the following aspects in your discussion response and support your answer with evidence from the literature.

• As a nurse, you wear at least two or more stakeholder hats; how does being a nurse influence your role as a consumer of healthcare?
• How does your knowledge of the U.S. health care system impact how you can help other stakeholders?
• Explain the various sphere(s) of influence (consumer, provider, etc.) that would be the most impactful in advancing healthcare policy initiatives and explain wh