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TOPIC: Oswego Outbreak Case Study

Read the “Oswego Outbreak Investigation,” located in the Topic Materials.

Part 1

Complete the following:

1. Using the line listing in the Excel “Oswego Line Listing Workbook,” calculate the attack rate ratios for each food item using the table in the Excel “Oswego Attack Rate Table.” Create a separate 2×2 table for the food item you think is responsible for the outbreak and interpret the attack rate ratio for this food item. Refer to the “Creating a 2×2 Contingency Table” resource for guidance.
2. Using the line listing in Excel “Oswego Line Listing Workbook,” construct an epidemic curve by the time of onset of illness. What does this curve tell you regarding the average incubation period, source, and transmission? 
3. Using the incubation range and clinical symptoms, identify potential infectious agents that could be responsible for the outbreak (refer to the Topic Material, “Compendium of Acute Foodborne      and Waterborne Diseases”). Discuss your rationale.

Part 2

In a 500-750 word paper, evaluate the situation and present your findings. Including the following:

1. Does this case meet the definition of an “outbreak?” Why or why not?
2. Identify the steps required to investigate an outbreak. How did these steps help in investigating the Oswego event? Include the relevant information needed for each step to be successful.
3. Discuss the possible routes of transmission for the expected agent.
4. Based on this information, what control measures would you recommend? State whether they are primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention strategies.

General Requirements

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. 

STUDY MATERIALS

Read Chapters 3-5 and 18 in Gordis Epidemiology.

Read “Types of Surveillance,” located on the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine website. URL:http://conflict.lshtm.ac.uk/page_75.htm

Read “WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-Prone Infectious Diseases – Introduction,” located on the World Health Organization (WHO) website. URL: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/introduction/en/

Read “CDC 24-7 Fact of the Week,” located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL:https://www.cdc.gov/about/facts/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fabout%2Ffacts%2Fcdcfastfacts%2Fsurveillance.html

Read “Two by Two Tables,” by Sullivan, Dean, and Pezzullo, from OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health (2013), located on the OpenEpi website. URL: http://www.openepi.com/TwobyTwo/TwobyTwo.htm

Read “Goodness of Measurement: Reliability and Validity,” by Bajpai and Bajpai, from International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health (2014). URL: https://www.ejmanager.com/mnstemps/67/67-1380953319.pdf

Use the “Compendium of Acute Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases,” located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, to assist in completing the Oswego Outbreak Case History assignment. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/eis/casestudies/xoswego.401.303.compendium.pdf

View “How to Create an Epidemic Curve,” by Martin (2016), located on the YouTube website. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dn84ezAzV4k

View “Know How to Interpret an Epidemic Curve?” by Martin (2017), located on the YouTube website. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SM4PN7Yg1s

Explore the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/

Explore Public Health Surveillance and Data page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/surveillance/

a) Recommend strategies for improving the organization’s cultural competence with regard to patient engagement and communications. Be sure to use research to support your reasoning.

b) Suggest health promotion and disease prevention strategies for improving outcomes in terms of population health status. Be sure to use research to justify your suggestions. 

c) Recommend policies and strategies that increase the organization’s use of a population health approach to reduce costs and improve overall quality of care. Be sure to use research to substantiate your recommendations.

Read the following vignette about a child with ADHD and answer each of the three questions at the end:

Scott  is 8 years old. At 7 AM, his mother looks into Scott’s bedroom and sees  Scott playing. “Scott, you know the rules: no playing before you are  ready for school. Get dressed and come eat breakfast.” Although these  rules for a school day have been set for the past 7 months, Scott always  tests them. In about 10 minutes, he is still not in the kitchen. His  mother checks his room and finds Scott on the floor, still in his  pajamas, playing with miniature cars. 

Ten  minutes later, Scott bounds into the kitchen, still without socks and  shoes, and hair tousled. “You forgot your socks, and your hair isn’t  combed,” his mother reminds him. “Oh yeah. What’s for breakfast?” he  says. “Scott, finish dressing first.” “Well, where are my shoes?” “By  the back door where you left them.” This is the specially designated  place where Scott is supposed to leave his shoes so he doesn’t forget.

Scott  starts toward his shoes but spots his younger sister playing with  blocks on the floor. He hurries to her. “Wow, Amy, watch this—I can make  these blocks into a huge tower, all the way to the ceiling.” He grabs  the blocks and begins to stack them higher and higher. “Scott makes a  better tower than Amy,” he chants. Amy shrieks at this intrusion, but  she is used to Scott grabbing things from her. The shriek brings their  mother into the room. She notices Scott’s feet still do not have socks  and shoes.

“Scott,  get your socks and shoes on now and leave Amy alone!” “Where are my  socks?” he asks. “Go to your room and get a clean pair of socks and  brush your teeth and hair. Then come eat your breakfast or you’ll miss  the bus.”

1. What sort of problems would you expect Scott to have at school? 
2. What are some teachings you might provide for this parent?
3. What interventions would give Scott the best chance of having positive outcomes? 

Identify a population to assess and develop an evidence-based, primary care health promotion recommendations to deliver in their own communities (Ex: Hispanics-Diabetes, Africanamericans and Prostate Cancer,etc).

This an example of an student Posting:

 Each population has some specific health issues that can require health promotion programs. American Indian population attracts attention in this context because of the specific state of affairs. Although this population has several main health issues for which health promotion can be required, all these issues can be solved by following the directions that cause a generally healthy lifestyle.

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (n.d.), the main issues in the American Indian population is diabetes, obesity, and tobacco use. Even though those are three different issues, the health promotion for solving them is quite similar. Such promotions have to be generally focused on a healthy lifestyle. This means healthy nutrition – less fat and sweet food and more healthy food and balanced nutrition. The next item is physical activity – starting with such common advice as more walking and ending with making sport a healthy habit. This advice is also helpful for coping with tobacco use. This habit often appears when a person has stress with which it is hard to cope. However, sport is helpful in decreasing the level of stress, and therefore, it can be useful to break the smoking habit. Therefore, one can see that advice directed on causing a healthy lifestyle is helpful for coping with health issues, widespread in the American Indian population.

This way, one can see that even though the American Indian population has several main health issues that can require healthcare promotion programs, all these issues can be solved by following the directions that cause a generally healthy lifestyle. The issues of diabetes, obesity, and tobacco can be solved with healthy nutrition and physical activity.

Reference

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Promotion. Retrieved 20 March 2020, from https://www.ihs.gov/communityhealth/hpdp/

   Data Collection  

· Describe ALL data collection methods in detail (i.e. survey, interview, observation)

 Measurement Tools  

Describe each measurement tool/instrument used to measure study outcomes in detail. 

Participant Characteristics/Sociodemographic Findings

  · Must be descriptive and comprehensive

· Describe participant characteristics or sociodemographic findings

· Describe the findings of Tables/Figures to provide comprehensive information about participant characteristics as article provided

 All other Results/Findings 

· Describe ALL Other Results/Findings besides above participant characteristics in the article in detail for each Result item

· Each Result item must include Headings/Subheadings of Results as the article provided.

· Do NOT simply saying “pain level was decreased,” “adherence was increased” 

 Do NOT include contents from Discussion and/or Conclusion in the article.  

MUST USE ARTICLE ATTACH TO ANSWER QUESTION. ( CONTENT 11) is the name of the file. 

APA, No page limit as long as all questions are answered

Post a description of at least one potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Then, describe at least one potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Propose at least one strategy you have experienced, observed, or researched that may effectively mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data you described. Be specific and provide examples.

Please use this format

Introduction

MyChart

Making Sense of So Much Data

Conclusion 

References

This week, you explore key statistical concepts related to data and problem solving through the completion of the following exercises using SPSS and the information found in your Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research textbook. The focus of this assignment is to become familiar with the SPSS data analysis software and to develop an understanding of how to calculate descriptive statistics and make conclusions based on those calculations. As you formulate your responses, keep in mind that descriptive statistics only allow you to make conclusions and recommendations for the sample at hand—not for the larger population to which that sample may belong.

To prepare:

• Review the Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research chapters assigned in this week’s Learning Resources. Pay close attention to the examples presented, as they provide information that will be useful when you complete the software exercise this week. You may also wish to review the Research Methods for Evidence-Based Practice video resources to familiarize yourself with the software.
• Refer to the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page and follow the directions to calculate descriptive statistics for the data provided using SPSS software. If you run into any difficulties or problems, post them to the Week 4 Discussion 2 area.
• Download and save the Polit2SetA.sav data set. You will open the data file in SPSS.
• Compare your data output against the tables presented in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics SPSS Output document. This will enable you to become comfortable with defining variables, entering data, and creating tables and graphs.
• Formulate an initial interpretation of the meaning or implication of your calculations.

To complete:

• Complete the Part I, Part II, and Part III steps and Assignment as outlined in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page.

This case study documents an ongoing interaction between a wife and her husband who live in a spacious home in a gated community.

When Dan (now 80) and Jane (now 65) began dating more than 15 years ago, both were emotionally charged to begin their lives anew. Well-educated and financially secure, they had a lot in common. Dan was a protestant minister, and Jane’s deceased husband had been a protestant minister. Both had lost their spouses. Jane’s first husband had suffered a catastrophic cerebral aneurysm 2 years earlier. Dan had conducted the funeral service for Jane’s husband. Dan’s wife had died of terminal cancer a little over a year earlier. Dan’s first wife had been a school counselor; Jane was a school teacher. Both had children in college. They shared a love for travel. Dan was retired but continued part-time employment, and Jane planned to continue teaching to qualify for retirement. Both were in great health and had more than adequate health benefits. Within the year they were married. Summer vacations were spent snorkeling in Hawaii, mountain climbing in national parks, and boating with family. After 7 years, Dan experienced major health problems: a quadruple cardiac bypass surgery, followed by surgery for pancreatic cancer. Jane’s plans to continue working were dropped so she could assist Dan to recover and then continue to travel with him and enjoy their remaining time together. Dan did recover—only to begin to exhibit the early signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. One of the early signs appeared the previous Christmas as they were hanging outdoor lights. To Jane’s dismay, she noted that Dan could not follow the sequential directions she gave him. As time passed, other signs appeared, such as some memory loss and confusion, frequent repeating of favorite phrases, sudden outbursts of anger, and decreased social involvement. Assessments resulted in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s disease. Dan was prescribed Aricept, and Jane began to prepare herself to face this new stage of their married life. She read literature about Alzheimer’s disease avidly and organized their home for physical and psychological safety. A kitchen blackboard displayed phone numbers and the daily schedule. Car keys were appropriately stowed. It was noted that she began to savor her time with Dan. Just sitting together with him on the sofa brought gentle expressions to her face. They continued to attend church services and functions but stopped their regular swims at their exercise facility when Dan left the dressing room naked one day. Within the year, Jane’s retired sister and brother-in-law relocated to a home a short walk from Jane’s. Their intent was to be on call to assist Jane in caring for Dan. Dan and Jane’s children did not live nearby so could only assist occasionally. As Dan’s symptoms intensified, a neighbor friend, Helen, began to relieve Jane for a few hours each week. At this time, Jane is still the primary dependent-care agent. She prides herself in mastering a dual shower; she showers Dan in his shower chair first, and then, while she showers, he sits on the nearby toilet seat drying himself. Her girlfriends suggested that this was material for an entertaining home video! Although Jane is cautious in her care for Dan, she often drives a short distance to her neighborhood tennis court for brief games with friends or spends time tending the lovely gardens she and Dan planted. During these times, she locks the house doors and leaves Dan seated in front of the television with a glass of juice. She watches the time and returns home midway through the hour to check on Dan. On one occasion when she forgot to lock the door while she was gardening, Dan made his way to the street, lost his balance, reclined face-first in the flower bed, and was discovered by a neighbor. Jane has given up evenings out and increased her favorite pastime of reading. Her days are filled with assisting Dan in all of his activities of daily living. And, often, her sleep is interrupted by Dan’s wandering throughout their home. At times, when the phone rings, Dan answers and tells callers Jane is not there. Jane, only in the next room, informs him “Dan, I am Jane.” Friends are saddened by Dan’s decline and concerned with the burdens and limitations Jane has assumed as a result of Dan’s dependency.

Critical thinking activities

1. Examine this case study through the dependency cycle model (Fig. 14.3). The outer arrows show a progression through varying stages of dependency. The inner circle represents who can be involved in the dependency cycle. Where are Jane and Dan in this cycle?

2. Using the basic dependent-care system model (Fig. 14.4), assess Dan and Jane. Identify the basic conditioning factors (BCFs) for each. What is the effect of Dan’s BCFs on his self-care agency? Is he able to meet his therapeutic self-care demands? Continue on to diagnose Dan’s self-care deficit and resulting dependent-care deficit. Now assess Jane’s self-care system.

3. Design a nursing system that addresses Jane’s self-care system as she increases her role as dependent-care agent for Dan.

Reply to this discussion post (site sources if applicable)

Independent and dependent variables are essential to any evidence based practice project. An independent variable is something that you can change, or that is controlled in a scientific study. A dependent variable is the variable that is being tested, measured within the study. In my project I discussed decreasing medications errors. The independent variable is mandating staff to scan all administered medications, the dependent variable is the medication error. I would need to collect the amount of medication errors within a quarter or year to be able to compare it to the after change numbers. Knowing the numbers we are starting with will allow us to see if the errors decreased. The independent variable would be the staff administering the medications. This can be measured by reviewing their scan rate data of patients and medications administered. The medication error can also be measured by data that is reported within the computer system. This data will be extremely important in my research to make sure that it was successful, or to see what needs to be adjusted. 

Assess the culture of the organization for potential challenges in incorporating the nursing practice intervention. Use this assessment when creating the strategic plan.

Write a 150-250 word strategic plan defining how the nursing practice intervention will be implemented in the capstone project change proposal.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.