Module 2 – Case

HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: UNDERSTANDING AND IMPROVING HEALTH

Case Assignment

Healthy People 2020: Understanding and Improving Health

For this assignment, I would like for you to expand your knowledge and understanding of the goals and mission of Healthy People 2020 and its predecessor Healthy People 2010.

Please answer the following questions:

1. Discuss whether or not you believe that the mission and goals for Healthy People 2020 are reasonable given the major health concerns facing our communities. Of the 2020 topics, choose one and discuss its impact on public health—support your discussion with at least 2 articles using ProQuest.
2. Please compare and contrast the focus areas for Healthy People 2010 with the topics for Healthy People 2020. What are their similarities? Are there any differences? In your opinion and given the current health trends, what might be a single most important health priority or topic for Healthy People 2020?
3. Briefly discuss how a commitment by a state and/or local health department to meet the objectives of Healthy People 2020 can affect public policy. Use one of the assigned readings as a reference.
4. What is the role of “Healthier US” and what are the policy and environmental changes that are directed toward achieving a healthier lifestyle? Identify a policy of environmental change that you believe will result in actually achieving a healthier lifestyle. Justify your position.
5. Do you consider it to be appropriate for a state or county health department to set objectives which are not compatible with CDC’s Healthy People 2020 topics and objectives? Please support your position. Use one of the assigned readings as a reference.

Please submit your Case Assignment by the end of Module 2. Please refer to the Trident calendar for exact due dates. Please contact me at any time should you have any questions.

Assignment Expectations

1. You are expected to consult the scholarly literature in preparing your paper; you are also expected to incorporate relevant background readings.
2. Your paper should be written in your own words. This will enable your instructor to assess your level of understanding.
3. In order to earn full credit, you must clearly show that you have read ALL required Background materials.
4. Be sure to cite your references in the text of all papers and on the reference list at the end. For examples, look at the way the references are listed in the modules and on the Background reading list. Remember, any statement that you make that is not common knowledge or that originates from your synthesis or interpretation of materials you have read must have a citation associated with it. For guidelines on in-text citations, visit the following website: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
5. Proofread your paper to be sure grammar and punctuation are correct and that each part of the assignment has been addressed clearly and completely.
6. Your assignment will not be graded until you have submitted an Originality Report with a Similarity Index (SI) score <15% (excluding direct quotes, quoted assignment instructions, and references). Papers not meeting this requirement by the end of the session will receive a score of 0 (grade of F). Papers with a lower SI score may be returned for revisions. For example, if one paragraph accounting for only 10% of a paper is cut and pasted, the paper could be returned for revision, despite the low SI score. Please use the report and your SI score as a guide to improve the originality of your work.

Length: Your paper should be 4-6 double-spaced pages (800-1,300 words) in length, excluding title page and references.

Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable source of information. 

Hello 

Your assessment presented a pertinent summary of the ethical issue related to the Smiths and their decision not to vaccinate. This document provided a sound explanation of how the three components of the ethical decision-making model were demonstrated in the case study. Likewise, you successfully discussed the effectiveness of the communication approach used by Dr. Kerr as well as the approach to resolve the ethical issue. However, you neglected to propose how this ethical dilemma could be resolved as well as how ethical principles support your suggested solutions. Please review the “Helpful Tips” posting on the announcement page and the sample paper under assessment one for additional support. Lastly, please ensure that you highlight all areas of revisions in yellow.

Elements of Medical Malpractice

Medical malpractice is the word which medical professions dread the most. The unfortunate thing is that medical malpractice happens frequently, and recovering from the condition is a costly and lengthy procedure for both the individuals and the facility involved. While the matter is mort often linked with physicians, it is also prevalent in nursing. Medical malpractice in nursing has increased in recent times and is likely because the issues are not discussed extensively in nursing. The standard care set by institutions is expected to be adhered to by all employers of the facility. That includes taking caution while handling patients to avoid the occurrence of medical malpractice. The four medical malpractice elements are duty, breach of duty, damages, and causation. Duty must be owed to the patient by a medical professional charged with the care of the patient. The doctor-patient connection is a typical instance where the obligation exists. The medical professional who had the duty of care for a patient must have failed in her/his duty by not exercising the medical skill or care level that another medical professional in a similar specialty would have exercised in the same situation. An example is when a fellow medical professional is called to attest as to the proper standard of care. Breach of Duty example, the patient is owed a safe environment, and a nurse has a duty to follow physicians’ orders for the patient. The specific duty owed to the patient has been breached, meaning that the duty has not been met. In terms of the safe environment, perhaps a nurse forgets to put the bed rail up and the patient falls. The nurse’s failure to maintain the patient’s safe environment would constitute a breach of duty.

Damages: The breach of duty must have caused injuries that result in damages. The injuries the patient suffered when falling out of bed are the damages that can be claimed. If the patient was not injured, there are no damages.

Causation: This is generally the most difficult element to prove in a medical malpractice lawsuit. There must be a direct cause-and-effect link between the breach of duty and the injury. The breach of duty must have caused the injury. In the example, if the nurse had not left the bed railing down, the patient would not have fallen. The nurse’s breach of duty caused the injury.

A patient needs to have suffered a physical or emotional injury while in the medical practitioner’s care. The injury might be a fresh one or a worsening of a present injury. Solid proof must exist that the breach of duty by the medical professional caused a patient’s injury. An effective medical malpractice suit must prove that all four elements are present. If the medical professional being sued or defendant demonstrate that one or more of the four elements is missing, the suit will not prevail. There are several ways in which medical malpractice might be avoided in the future. Medical professionals need to ensure that they make referrals with patients to prevent patients from following through on instructions. Doctors to sufficiently document patient visits and treatment schedules, which will help illustrate their competency should any issue arise. The medical professionals can strive for an open and trusting relationship with patients, encouraging patients to disclose all the information that might be necessary for effective treatment.

References

Aparna Srinivasa Babu,M.L ( 2015, March 12). The Malpractice Lability of Radioloy Reports: Minimizing the Rik. Practice Policy and Quality Initiatives, XXXV(2). doi:https:/doi.org/10.1148/rg.352140046

Collin J. Larkin, A.G.(2020). Overview of medical malpractice in neurosurgery.Journal of Neurosurgery.doi:https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.8 FOCUS20588

 Assignment:Write a 800-1500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. There should be four sections, one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least three (3) citations in your essay. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount.

• There are various types of families discussed in Chapter 10. What type of family do you come from? Explain using all the factors in the chapter.
• Imagine you are the leader of a religious organization. Give nine examples – one for each characteristic ­– of what your organization’s beliefs are and what you believe each does for the religion.
• Attending primary and secondary school is not an option in the United States up to the age of 18. If you were a teacher, how would you use the Functionalist Perspective to make the most of your classroom educational experience?
• There are four models/explanations to Patterns of City Growth. What are the models? Give an example of each from the time period to which each model refers.

1) What is a keto diet really?

2)  How could it benefit or not benefit specific types of athletes?  (Get it?  BE SPECIFIC)

Examine Case Study: An Elderly Hispanic Man With Major Depressive Disorder. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

• At each decision point stop to complete the following: 
  • Decision #1 
    • Which decision did you select?
    • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
  • Decision #2 
    • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. 
    • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
  • Decision #3 
    • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
• Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who came to the United States when he was in high school with his father. His mother died back in Mexico when he was in school. He presents today to the PMHNPs office for an initial appointment for complaints of depression. The client was referred by his PCP after “routine” medical work-up to rule out an organic basis for his depression. He has no other health issues with the exception of some occasional back pain and “stiff” shoulders which he attributes to his current work as a laborer in a warehouse. 

SUBJECTIVE

During today’s clinical interview, client reports that he always felt like an outsider as he was “teased” a lot for being “black” in high school. States that he had few friends, and basically kept to himself. He describes his home life as “good.” Stating “Dad did what he could for us, there were 8 of us.” He also reports a remarkably diminished interest in engaging in usual activities, states that he has gained 15 pounds in the last 2 months. He is also troubled with insomnia which began about 6 months ago, but have been progressively getting worse. He does report poor concentration which he reports is getting in “trouble” at work. 

MENTAL STATUS EXAM

The client is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. He is casually dressed. Speech is clear, but soft. He does not readily make eye contact, but when he does, it is only for a few moments. He is endorsing feelings of depression. Affect is somewhat constricted, but improves as the clinical interview progresses. He denies visual or auditory hallucinations, no overt delusional or paranoid thought processes readily apparent. Judgment and insight appear grossly intact. He is currently denying suicidal or homicidal ideation. The PMHNP administers the “Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)” and obtained a score of 51 (indicating severe depression).

RESOURCES

§ Montgomery, S. A., & Asberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 382-389.

Decision Point One

Select what the PMHNP should do:

Begin zoloft 25 mg orally daily

Begin Effexor XR 37.5 mg orally daily

Begin Phenelzine 15 mg orally TID

Decision Point One

Begin zoloft 25 mg orally daily

RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

• Client returns to clinic in four weeks
• Reports a 25% decrease in symptoms
• Client is concerned over the new onset of erectile dysfunction

Decision Point Two

Select what the PMHNP should do next:

Decrease dose to 12.5 mg orally daily 

Continue same dose and counsel client

Add augmenting agent such as Wellbutrin IR 150 mg in morning

Decision Point Two

Add augmenting agent such as Wellbutrin IR 150 mg in morning

RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO

• Client returns to clinic in four weeks
• Client stated that depressive symptoms have decreased even more and his erectile dysfunction has abated
• Client reports that he has been feeling “jittery” and sometimes “nervous” 

Decision Point Three

Select what the PMHNP should do next:

Discontinue Zoloft altogether and continue with Wellbutrin 

Change Wellbutrin to XL 150 mg orally daily in AM

Add Ativan 0.5 mg orally TID/PRN for anxiety

Decision Point Three

Change Wellbutrin to XL 150 mg orally daily in AM

Guidance to Student
The PMHNP should be aware that Zoloft or Wellbutrin could be responsible for the client complaints of Jitteriness. This feeling is usually temporary with SSRIs, however. The cause of the client’s complaint of “jitteriness” is most likely related to the Wellbutrin immediate release. As a result, the most appropriate answer would be to change the Wellbutrin to an extended release formulation. It would not be appropriate to add Ativan as the PMHNP should never add an additional medication to treat the side effect of another medication without first attempting to modify/change the medication causing the side effect. 

Writing Assignment: Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries

Overview

After reading chapter 14 in your textbook, you should be able to recognize and care for bone injuries, including open and closed fractures, and joint injuries, including dislocations and sprains. Additionally, you should be able to recognize muscle injuries, such as strains, cramps, and contusions.

Instructions

Write a brief 3-paragraph compare-and-contrast essay.

1. The first paragraph should compare and contrast open and closed fractures.
2. The second paragraph should compare and contrast dislocations and sprains.
3. The third paragraph should compare and contrast strains and cramps.
   • 5 sentences per paragraph is required.
   • MLA format (Links to an external site.) is required

Eplain the role of Florence Nightingale has or had in the evolution of healthcare. 

1 page 

• Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.
• Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.

Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis. Discuss why this is important in your practice and with patient interactions.

Evaluate and provide examples of how hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are used together in health care research. Provide a workplace example that illustrates your ideas.