Cardiovascular System

Alterations of the cardiovascular system can cause serious adverse events and may lead to death when not treated in a timely and safe manner. Unfortunately, many patients with cardiovascular disorders are unaware until complications appear. In clinical settings, patients often present with symptoms of several cardiovascular disorders, making it essential for you, as the advanced practice nurse, to be able to recognize these symptoms and recommend appropriate drug treatment options.

This week, you examine the impact of patient factors that may lead to changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes on patient drug therapy for cardiovascular disorders. You also explore ways to improve drug therapy plans for cardiovascular disorders based on patient factors and overall health needs.

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

· Chapter 33, “Review of Hemodynamics” (pp. 285–289)

· Chapter 37, “Diuretics” (pp. 290–296)

· Chapter 38, “Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System” (pp. 297–307)

· Chapter 39, “Calcium Channel Blockers” (pp. 308–312)

· Chapter 40, “Vasodilators” (pp. 313–317)

· Chapter 41, “Drugs for Hypertension” (pp. 316–324)

· Chapter 42, “Drugs for Heart Failure” (pp. 325–336)

· Chapter 43, “Antidysrhythmic Drugs” (pp. 337–348)

· Chapter 44, “Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels” (pp. 349–363)

· Chapter 45, “Drugs for Angina Pectoris” (pp. 364–371)

· Chapter 46, “Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 372–388)

Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

Assignment: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders

…heart disease remains the No. 1 killer in America; nearly half of all Americans have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or smoke—some of the leading risk factors for heart disease…

—Murphy et al., 2018

Despite the high mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disorders, improved treatment options do exist that can help address those risk factors that afflict the majority of the population today.  

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF

As an advanced practice nurse, it is your responsibility to recommend appropriate treatment options for patients with cardiovascular disorders. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy, advanced practice nurses must consider aspects that might influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes such as medical history, other drugs currently prescribed, and individual patient factors.

Reference: Murphy, S. L., Xu, J., Kochanek, K. D., & Arias, E. (2018). Mortality in the United States, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db328.htm

To Prepare

• Review the Resources for this module and consider the impact of      potential pharmacotherapeutics for cardiovascular disorders introduced in      the media piece.
• Review the case study assigned by your Instructor for this      Assignment.
• Select one the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age,      or behavior factors.
• Reflect on how the factor you selected might influence the patient’s      pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.
• Consider how changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic      processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy.
• Think about how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan      based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Reflect on      whether you would modify the current drug treatment or provide an      alternative treatment option for the patient

Write a 3-page paper that addresses the following:

• Explain how the factor you selected      might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the      patient from the case study you were assigned.
• Describe how changes in the      processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific      and provide examples.
• Explain how you might improve the patient’s      drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended      improvements.

At least 3 citations. APA format 7th edition

Module 2 – Case

MOBILIZING SUPPORT FOR HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Assignment Overview

You are a health educator for a local children’s hospital that wishes to partner with schools in the area on an initiative to encourage healthier eating habits among students and staff alike. A visit to a local school site to explore partnership reveals that teachers and staff may be reluctant to make changes to their own eating habits. For example, when asked (during an impromptu meeting with a small group of teachers) about her willingness to replace existing vending machine options with healthier ones, one teacher remarked, “Now you’re going after my soda and cookies. What’ll it be next?” Her colleagues appear to agree with her on this.

Case Assignment

Read Chapter 6, Section 2 and Chapter 7, Section 8 of the Community Tool Box (i.e., Using Principles of Persuasion and Identifying and Analyzing Stakeholders and Their Interests) and, after doing so, write a four-page paper in which you describe the steps you will take to achieve “buy-in” from teachers and all other stakeholders in this initiative. Your paper should specify clearly:

• Primary, secondary, and key stakeholders in this potential partnership
• Three principles of persuasion most relevant to the above scenario

Your strategy is to engage all stakeholders over the course of this initiative (i.e., from conceptualization, to grant seeking, to project implementation, through evaluation and refinement).

Length: 4 pages typed, double-spaced.

Assignment Expectations

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric that is linked within the course. Review it before you begin working on the assignment.

Your submission should meet the guidelines on file format, in-text citations and references, scholarly sources, scholarly writing, and use of direct quotes noted under Module 1 Assignment Expectations.

Discuss the applicability of the theory of culture care diversity and universality to discover nursing knowledge and provide culturally congruent care. Take into consideration the current trends of consumers of health care, cultural diversity factors, and changes in medical and nursing school curricula. The following are examples of trends you may use as a thread to start your discussion:

a. The importance of transcultural nursing knowledge in an increasingly diverse world

b. The growth of lay support groups to provide information and sharing of experiences and support for clients, families, and groups experiencing chronic, terminal, or life-threatening illnesses or treatment modalities from diverse or similar cultures

c. Cultural values, beliefs, health practices, and research knowledge in undergraduate and graduate nursing curricula across the life span

d. Inclusion of alternative or generic care in nursing curricula, such as medicine men, Native American healers, curers, and herbalists in the Southwest and selected substantiated Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine methods shown to be effective for the treatment of both acute and chronic diseases

e. The increased access to health care information from the Internet and the growing number of books, audio recordings, and video recordings published on health maintenance, alternative medicine, herbs, vitamins, minerals, and over-the-counter medications and preparations

f. Spiraling health care costs; use of health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations (PPO), or internal plan provider lists; lack of health insurance; increased reliance on self-diagnosis, treatment, and care; and increased availability of diagnostic kits for home-based self-diagnostic testing

g. Problems related to cultural conflicts, stress, pain, and cultural imposition practices

h. Increased suspiciousness and mistrust or distrust of cultural, religious, and political groups because of increased terrorist activities worldwide

Nurses often become motivated to change aspects within the larger health care system based on their real-world experience. As such, many nurses take on an advocacy role to influence a change in regulations, policies, and laws that govern the larger health care system.

For this assignment, identify a problem or concern in your state, community, or organization that has the capacity for advocacy through legislation. Research the issue and use the “Advocacy Through Legislation” template to complete this assignment.

You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. 

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. 

AttachmentsNRS-440VN-RS4-AdvocacyThroughLegislation.docx
RUBRIC

Attempt Start Date: 19-Oct-2020 at 12:00:00 AM

Due Date: 25-Oct-2020 at 11:59:59 PM

Maximum Points: 155.0

Review the Institute of Medicine’s 2010 report “The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.” Write a 750‐1,000 word paper discussing the influence of the IOM report on nursing practice. Include the following:

1. Summarize the four messages outlined in the IOM report and explain why these are significant to nursing practice.
2. Discuss the direct influence the IOM report has on nursing education and nursing leadership. Describe the benefits and opportunities for BSN‐prepared nurses.
3. Explain why it is important that a nurse’s role and education evolve to meet the needs of an aging and increasingly diverse population.
4. Discuss the significance of professional development, or lifelong learning, and its relevance in caring for diverse populations across the life span and within the health‐illness continuum.
5. Discuss how nurses can assist in effectively managing patient care within an evolving health care system.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

Write a short (50-100-word) paragraph response for each question. This assignment is to be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

1. Define negotiation as it applies to patient education.
2. Explain how the change in the patient’s status through the years has affected patient education.
3. List the pros and cons of negotiation.
4. Describe the general conditions that would be included in a patient contract.
5. Discuss old age and the baby boomer.
6. List several generational, religious, and cultural differences between the 30-year-old health care professional and the elderly patient.
7. Explain some of the barriers to patient education of the elderly and discuss their special needs.
8. List ways to best approach patient education of the elderly.
9. Discuss some cultural and religious beliefs about death that you have encountered.
10. Explain why it is important to discuss death and dying with the elderly patient and what the impact is on all involved.
11. Explain how to teach a patient with a life-threatening illness.

In a Microsoft Word document of 6-7 pages formatted in APA 7 style, submit your instructional unit (care plan), which should include three lesson plans: one focused on patient education, one on family education, and one on staff development. Remember, your plans should demonstrate a logical approach to teaching, communicate what is to be taught and how, and outline how objectives are to be evaluated. For a refresher on what each final lesson should include (see attachment).

Building on the work that you started in Week 2 (see attachment), for all three groups of learners:

· Write two broad instructional goals for the educational experience for each group.

· For each learner group, write at least one learning objective related to each of the domains of Bloom’s taxonomy:

o Cognitive

o Affective

o Psychomotor

· Describe the lesson content.

· Provide a sequence for teaching activities.

· Describe instructional methods.

· Indicate time allotted for each activity.

· Identify and describe the instructional resources (materials, tools, etc.) and technology to be used.

· Describe how the learning will be evaluated.

On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA 7 format. 

Please note that the title and reference pages should not be included in the total page count of your paper.

Discussion Question 1

The COVID-19 Pandemic has presented the nation and health care organizations with an unforeseen emergency. This type of situation requires all health professionals to be leaders in their communities.

·  Review this article https://gacc.nifc.gov/cism/documents/leadership.pdf (ATTACHED)

·  Review the ANA statement calling for a collaborative effort to respond to COVID-19 at this link https://www.nursingworld.org/news/news-releases/2020/american-nurses-association-calls-for-collaborative-effort-to-respond-to-the-coronavirus/

Answer these questions:

1. In your present health care organization how well prepared is the organization and the staff to respond to the pandemic?

2. What was the nursing leaders’ response to the crisis?

3. Relate the response to the theories you learned in this course and the Crisis Leadership article.

4. What else should be done to improve the response? What is the leader’s role in this improvement?

5. How are you responding to the pandemic as a health care professional and leader?

As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Support your work, using your course lectures and textbook readings. Helpful APA guides and resources are available in the  University Online Library. Below are guides that are located in the library and can be accessed and downloaded via the  University Online Citation Resources: APA Style page. The American Psychological Association website also provides detailed guidance on formatting, citations, and references at APA Style.

i will tell 

Assignment:

Write a 800-1500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. There should be four sections, one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least three (3) citations in your essay. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount.

• Minority groups are present all over the United States. Name at least three minority groups and explain why each is categorized as such. 
• Within the United States there have been two views toward assimilation: the “melting pot” tradition and the Anglo-conformity view. In your opinion, which view accurately describes the United States today, and why?
• In 2000, women held 45% of jobs classified as executive, administrative, and managerial. But, in 2011, women held only 16.1% of Fortune 500 board seats, filled only 14.1% of corporate officer positions, and were 7.5% of the country’s top earners. Citing gender stratification in the workplace, in your own opinion why do you think women are being held back from obtaining these top positions?
• Cultural transmission theorists believe gender identities and behaviors are a gradual process of learning that begins in infancy. It suggests that teachers and other adults shape a child’s behavior by reinforcing responses that are deemed appropriate to the child’s gender role and discouraging inappropriate ones. What is your personal opinion on this theory? Do you believe that the cultural transmission theory will determine who/what a person will be in adulthood? Why?