PICO and Literature Search

Purpose: PICO questions are used by practicing nurses and researchers to focus research questions and develop an efficient literature search strategy. It is essential that future nurses learn how to do this to develop evidenced-based solutions to patient care problems in a healthcare organization. 

Assessment: This assignment is worth 68 points and represents 20% of your final course grade. It is graded according to the embedded rubric in this submission folder. Late submissions will incur a 10% deduction per day, unless a Late Pass is used.

Instructions:

1. Write a PICO question based on a scenario you choose from the list of scenarios attached below. Use the templates in the EBP Step by Step 3 article to help create your questions. You may need to do a pre-search to finding an intervention (the “I”) that has been studied and published to solve the problem.

2. Identify the PICO elements for each question. 

3. Develop a search strategy using at least 3 keywords from the P, I, and O parts of your PICO, 1 synonym for one of the keywords, and 1 MeSH term for one of your keywords. 

4. Locate 4 articles that help answer your PICO question. The articles must meet the following requirements: 

· must be primary source quantitative research articles. 

· No article can be older than 2016. 

5. Obtain pdfs of the four articles you selected from the ResU database. If not available for the ResU database, you may request access from the ResU Library, or you can email me the citation for the article, and I will attempt to locate a pdf of it. 

6. On a Word document, include your scenario; write your PICO question as a sentence; identify the P, I, C, and O for each question; and list the search terms (3 keywords, 1 synonym, 1 MeSH term) for each. You may use the template attached here. See also the link to the MeSH terms website below.

7. Provide a properly formatted APA reference page for your selected articles from Step 4 of these instructions. See the link to the APA and Writing LibGuide below.

8. Name each document (one Word doc and 4 article pdfs) as follows and upload to the appropriate submission folder in Brightspace: 

· Lastname PICO, 

· Lastname article 1,

· Lastname article 2,

· Lastname article 3,

· Lastname article 4

Attachments

EBP Step by Step 3.pdf

(188.01 KB)

PICO and Lit Search Template with Example.docx

(30.11 KB)

PICO and Literature Search Scenarios.doc

(44.5 KB)

APA and Writing LibGuide

Link to MeSH Terms W

Criteria

 Discuss why nutrition is a central component in health promotion. What are some of the nutritional challenges for emerging populations? What roles do nutritional deficiency and nutritional excess play in disease? 

300 words, add references

Unit 5 Discussion – Misleading Statistics are Out There 

Instructions:

This week you will look at misleading information that you are exposed to every day.  Find an example of a survey or poll or even a tweet that you think might be misleading.

How would you support your conclusions? You want to use statistical reasoning here, not personal opinion. Places to look at might be online polls where anyone can answer.  If the title of a survey is misleading, how would you correct it?

Was the sample representative?  Be sure to read the methodology of a survey and not only the responses to the questions.  For example, you may think the sampling was not representative of the population, but you have to discuss how sampling was actually done to support your claim. 

Another place to look are articles written by people who clearly don’t understand statistics but use legitimate data like the example below.

The article’s title, New Low of 49% in U.S. Say Death Penalty Applied Fairly  (https://news.gallup.com/poll/243794/new-low-say-death-penalty-applied-fairly.aspx (Links to an external site.)), is misleading because 49% is the point estimate.  You have to click on survey methods at the bottom to find the margin of error was 4%.  This means the true percentage in the population could have been as low as 45% but as high as 53%. Therefore the title of the article is very misleading. 

After locating your inaccurate poll or article, respond to the following questions.

• How did the poll or article misrepresent the facts? How might you rewrite the title of the article more accurately?
• What was the author trying to get you to think? Why?  What could be the ramifications of believing false information?
• Find and describe an article that refutes this information, if possible.
• Have you ever been sent articles that you believed just by reading the title? What was the result?

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

M3: Lesson 11 – Discussion

1. Create an original posting with a minimum of 250-300 words.
2. Back up your arguments with reliable evidence.

Qualitative Research Designs

Instructions:

1. In your own words, discuss what it meant by the qualitative research approach to knowledge generation.
2. What are the characteristics of qualitative research studies?
3. Locate a nursing related journal article that used a qualitative research approach.  Using what you know about qualitative research, answer the following questions:
4. What was the problem area and research question?
5. What were the study’s concepts, independent variables, dependent variables, and operational definitions (if any)?
6. How did the author overcome the limitations of doing a qualitative study?
7. Did the author question any collective subjective beliefs? If so, what were they?
8. Did the qualitative study incorporate “human concern” for the client with effective nursing practice?  Explain, providing examples from the study. 

A 17 year old male client in an inpatient psychiatric unit is being uncooperative. The client is standing in front of the nursing station, where the nurse answers incoming phone calls and discusses patient care with the treatment team. The nurse kindly asks the client to return to the dayroom and join the rest of patients for group. However the client says, “No, I am perfectly fine where I am.” A staff member observes the situation and steps in and states, “you need to go to group now, or we will have to escort you to the quietroom.” The client looks at the staff member and says in a calm tone, “you can’t make me move, I am not doing anything wrong.” The nurse realizes this situation is escalating and is stuck between a rock and a hard place. Please consider all the details provided above and answer the following questions:

1. What does the principle of the least restrictive environment have to do with this situation?
2. What role does HIPAA play in this scenario and why does it make the situation more complicated?
3. Which nurse would be more likely to initiate a restrictive intervention for this client, a nurse with a utilitarianism view of ethics or a deontological view of ethics? And why?
4. Finally, how would you resolve this situation?

REQUIRES;

SCHOLAR ARTICLES>>>APA FORMAT>>>NO PLAGIARISM 

1. Search and locate one systematic review or practice guideline in your topic of interest (Include the citation). 
2. Evaluate the following: 
   1. The systematic review or practice guideline relies primarily on studies conducted in the last five years. 
   2. The review provides support for the importance of the study 
   3. The authors have use primary, rather than secondary sources. 
   4. Studies are critically examined and reported objectively 
   5. The systematic review or practice guideline is organized so that a logical unfolding of Ideas is apparent that supports the need for the review 
   6. The systematic review or practice guideline ends with a summary of the most important knowledge.

For this journal entry, you will be picking a personal stressor as a touchpoint for the rest of your journal entries. As we learn and explore more about stress management, you will be applying what you learn to better manage this one personal stressor. Further on in the course, you will be asked to apply concepts from the textbook, and explore and use worksheets from your workbook as you work towards managing this one personal stressor in more healthful ways. 

To do:

1. Identify and describe one personal stressor to focus on for the rest of your journal entries
2. Write about why you picked this stressor, and what you would like to change 
3. Describe how you experience this stress physically, psychologically, spiritually, socially , etc.
4. Write about anything you have learned so far in class that is helping to raising your awareness and understanding of this stressor. 
5. Pick one of the worksheets from the Peace & Relaxation workbook which you believe will assist you in raising your awareness about this stressor and/or how to address it. Complete the worksheet (you may complete more if you wish) and use this knowledge to build your understanding. 
6. Based upon what you have learned in class so far, what are some ideas you have for creating a plan to manage this stressor in more healthy ways? Be specific — envision some of the change you want to create in your life! 

Lyme Disease and Peripheral Vascular Disease 

The answers must be in your own words with reference to journal or book where you found the evidence to your answer. Do not copy paste or use a past students work as all files submited in this course are registered and saved in turn it in program.

Turn it in Score must be less than 50% or will not be accepted for credit, must be your own work and in your own words. You can resubmit, Final submission will be accepted if less than 50%. Copy paste from websites or textbooks will not be accepted or tolerated. Please see College Handbook with reference to Academic Misconduct Statement.

All answers to case studies must have reference cited in text for each answer and minimum of 2 Scholarly References (Journals, books) (No websites)  per case Study

 attached. 

Write your thesis statement and introduction (one paragraph). The first page of your paper will be the title page, followed by your abstract page (it has its own page!), and then the next page will start with the introductory paragraph. 

Add the introductory paragraph to your APA “shell” to begin forming your final paper. Submit the entire document. However, only the introduction and thesis statement will be graded in this module.

Assignment Expectations

Length: Thesis sentence/statement and Introduction paragraph should be a total of 5-7 sentences

Assignment:

Prepare the Annotated Bibliography section in your paper. For minimum sources for your paper, find 4 scholarly articles and 2 websites – this would be 6 sources. For full points on the final paper, have 6 scholarly articles and 3 websites, a total of 9 sources. As per your Shell, your Annotated Bibliography section will be added after the Reference section with the heading of, “Annotated Bibliography”. Submit the entire document/shell. However, only the Annotated Bibliography will be graded in this module.

Reminder of Proper Format: The Annotated Bibliography is a different section than the Reference section. There are two parts to the Annotated Bibliography: 1. The reference in APA format, with hanging paragraph indentation.  2. Immediately following each reference, you will need a paragraph describing the contents of the source – this is the annotated portion, it is a short 3 sentence summary of the source. This entire paragraph should be indented .5 inches as a block paragraph. The entire annotated bibliography should be double-spaced, per APA format. Do not add extra space between references.

Prepare the Literature Review section of your paper. Begin with an introductory paragraph that describes your search parameters and what databases were used. Be sure to avoid first person (I, we, me, us, etc.). Include at least one paragraph for each of your sources chosen in your Annotated Bibliography. This is not a repeat of the annotations in the annotated bibliography, but should be written as an essay that flows easily from one point to the next. Remember, your literature review should be at least seven paragraphs (eight for full credit on the final paper), but not more than twelve paragraphs. Each paragraph should be at least three sentences in length, but only contain one or two main points and support. Review your APA resources for how to properly cite references in your text. This is where you will apply in-text citation rules, as each paragraph will indicate the reference from which the information is taken.

Also prepare your reference page. Please review your APA resources as mentioned previously. Submit the entire document. However, only the literature review and reference page will be graded in this module.

Assignment Expectations

Length: 7-8 to 12 paragraphs for the Literature Review