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Apa Style

References( follow paper instruction)

Free plagiarism

Discussion Question 

Engaging in a political process enables a nurse leader to influence others in order to achieve a set of professional goals. During the COVID-19 pandemic this political influence is needed now more than ever. Explore the importance of political process in nursing, and answer the following questions:

1. How can average nurses be involved in the political process related to the COVID-19 pandemic?

2. What was the most important issue related to COVID-19 that required nurses to be involved?

3. What nursing leaders have influenced others during the COVID-19 pandemic? 

As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Support your work, using your course lectures and textbook readings. Helpful APA guides and resources are available in the  University Online Library. Below are guides that are located in the library and can be accessed and downloaded via the  University Online Citation Resources: APA Style page. The American Psychological Association website also provides detailed guidance on formatting, citations, and references at APA Style.

please check the attachment for instructions

Heart disease remains one of the top causes of mortality in the Unites States. Consider the various types of heart disease covered in class this week. For your discussion, complete these items:

• The etiology of the selected heart disease
• Modifiable factors
• Non-modifiable factors

Use at least one scholarly source to support your findings. Examples of scholarly sources include academic journals, textbooks, reference texts, and CINAHL nursing guides. Be sure to cite your sources in-text and on a References page using APA format.

 How has the U.S.A risen to the top internationally to decrease abuse amongst pregnant women?   

Assignment:

Write a scholarly paper in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Choose one communicable disease.

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

Include the following in your assignment:

1. A thorough description of the disease including causes, mode of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications. Discuss the demographic most affected-incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality.
2. What are the determinants of health affecting this disease? https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health.
3. Identify the epidemiologic triad including host, agent and environmental factors as related to this disease.
4. Discuss the role of the public health nurse in relation to this disease. How is the public health nurse involved in finding, reporting, collection and analysis of data and follow up?

A minimum of three references is required. The written essay should be at least 1250 words in length.

APA format is required.

Assigned Website / readings:

• Healthy People.gov. (2020). Determinants of health. 

No plagiarism

APA style 

3 references

Due Saturday

Write a 4–6-page policy proposal and practice guidelines for improving quality and performance associated with the benchmark metric underperformance you advocated for improving in Assessment 1.
In advocating for institutional policy changes related to local, state, or federal health care laws or policies, health leaders must be able to develop and present clear and well-written policy and practice guideline proposals that will enable a team, a unit, or an organization as a whole to resolve relevant performance issues and bring about improvements in the quality and safety of health care. This assessment offers you an opportunity to take the lead in proposing such changes.

As a master’s-level health care practitioner, you have a valuable viewpoint and voice to bring to discussions about policy development, both inside and outside your care setting. Developing policy for internal purposes can be a valuable process toward quality and safety improvement, as well as ensuring compliance with various health care regulatory pressures. This assessment offers you an opportunity to take the lead in proposing such changes.
Competency Map
Use this online tool to track your performance and progress through your course.

• Assessment Instructions:  Propose an organizational policy and practice guidelines that you believe will lead to an improvement in quality and performance associated with the benchmark underperformance you advocated for improving in Assessment 1. Be precise, professional, and persuasive in demonstrating the merit of your proposed actions.
  Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft policy proposal to Smarthinking for feedback, before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback.
  Requirements
  The policy proposal requirements outlined below correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, be sure to note the requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.
  • Explain the need for creating a policy and practice guidelines to address a shortfall in meeting a benchmark metric prescribed by local, state, or federal health care policies or laws.
    • What is the current benchmark for the organization and the numeric score for the underperformance?
    • How is the benchmark underperformance potentially affecting the provision of quality care or the operations of the organization?
    • What are the potential repercussions of not making any changes?
      • What evidence supports your conclusions?
  • Recommend ethical, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve targeted benchmark performance prescribed by applicable local, state, or federal health care policy or law.
    • What does the evidence-based literature suggest are potential strategies to improve performance for your targeted benchmark?
    • How would these strategies ensure performance improvement or compliance with applicable local, state, or federal health care policy or law?
    • How would you propose to apply these strategies in the context of Eagle Creek Hospital or your own practice setting?
    • How can you ensure these strategies are ethical and culturally inclusive in their application?
  • Analyze the potential effects of environmental factors on your recommended practice guidelines.
    • What regulatory considerations could affect your recommended guidelines?
    • What resources could affect your recommended guidelines (staffing, financial, and logistical considerations, or support services)?
  • Explain why particular stakeholders and groups must be involved in further development and implementation of your proposed policy and practice guidelines.
    • Why is it important to engage these stakeholders and groups?
    • How can their participation produce a stronger policy and facilitate its implementation?
  • Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions.
    • Proofread your proposal, before you submit it, to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your proposal.
  • Use paraphrasing and summarization to represent ideas from external sources.
    • Be sure to apply correct APA formatting to source citations and references.
  • Example Assessment: You may use the Assessment 2 Example [PDF] to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.
    Policy Proposal Format and Length
    It may be helpful to use a template or format for your proposal that is used in your current organization. The risk management or quality department could be a good resource for finding an appropriate template or format. If you are not currently in practice, or your organization does not have these resources, many appropriate templates are freely available on the Web.
    Your policy should be succinct (about one paragraph). Overall, your proposal should be 4–6 pages in length.
    Supporting Evidence
    Cite 3–5 references to relevant research, case studies, or best practices to support your analysis and recommendations.
    Note: Faculty may use the Writing Feedback Tool when grading this assessment. The Writing Feedback Tool is designed to provide you with guidance and resources to develop your writing based on five core skills. You will find writing feedback in the Scoring Guide for the assessment, once your work has been evaluated.
    Portfolio Prompt: You may choose to save your policy proposal to your ePortfolio.
    Competencies Measured
    By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
  • Competency 1: Analyze relevant health care laws, policies, and regulations; their application; and their effects on organizations, interprofessional teams, and professional practice.
    • Analyze the potential effects of environmental factors on recommended practice guidelines.
  • Competency 2: Lead the development and implementation of ethical and culturally sensitive policies that improve health outcomes for individuals, organizations, and populations.
    • Recommend ethical, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve targeted benchmark performance prescribed by applicable local, state, or federal health care policies or laws.
  • Competency 3: Evaluate relevant indicators of performance, such as benchmarks, research, and best practices, to inform health care laws and policies for patients, organizations, and populations.
    • Explain the need for creating a policy and practice guidelines to address a shortfall in meeting a benchmark metric prescribed by local, state, or federal health care policies or laws.
  • Competency 4: Develop strategies to work collaboratively with policy makers, stakeholders, and colleagues to address environmental (governmental and regulatory) forces.
    • Explain why particular stakeholders and groups must be involved in further development and implementation of a proposed policy and practice guidelines.
  • Competency 5: Produce clear, coherent, and professional written work, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards.
    • Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions.
    • Use paraphrasing and summarization to represent ideas from external sources.

 Respond to  your  colleagues by suggesting an alternate therapeutic approach. Support your  feedback with evidence-based literature and/or your own experiences  with clients.  

NOTE( Positive Comment)

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Anxiety  disorders are psychiatric conditions that share characteristics of  excessive fear of real or perceived imminent threat. According to  Thibaut (2017), anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric  disorders- accounting for 7.3% of all psychiatric disorders worldwide.  Anxiety disorders are distinguished from one another by the triggers  that induce the anxiety, fear, or other associated behavior and may  include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder,  obsessive-compulsive disorder, selective mutism, separation anxiety  disorder, medication/substance-induced anxiety disorder, and social  phobia (American Psychiatric Disorder, 2013; Thibaut, 2017). 

             A client I observed is N.B, a 15-year old male Caucasian presented to  the clinic by his mother, who was concerned about his anxious behavior.  The client’s mother described him as a shy person with little friends.  For this reason, N.B spends most of his time playing video-games in his  room. The client’s mother also revealed that N.B has always had problems  meeting new people. During the interview, N.B looked uncomfortable. He  could not keep eye contact and was fidgeting. N.B’s mother also revealed  that he has always struggled in the presence of his peers. N.B has  severally turned down his peer’s invitations to hang out and often  engages in avoidance behaviors. After assessing the client, a diagnosis  was made for social anxiety disorder (Social phobia) 300.23 (F40.10)  (American Psychiatric Disorder, 2013).

             The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder (Social  phobia) involves marked fear or anxiety of one or more social situations  where an individual is exposed to scrutiny by others- (in peer settings  for children). The social situations always provoke fear or anxiety and  must have been lasting for six months or more. In the given case, the  client met the diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder.

Therapeutic Approach and perceived Effectiveness

             The most appropriate treatment for N.B is cognitive behavioral therapy  (CBT). CBT is regarded as the approach with the highest level of  evidence in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (Bandelow et al.,  2017). CBT’s goal in treating social anxiety disorder is to enable the  client to gain self-consciousness by changing maladaptive behaviors and  negative thoughts that make oneself uncomfortable in social situations.  In their study, Pinjarkar et al. (2015) examined the effectiveness of  CBT in treating social anxiety and found a clinically significant  improvement in the subject’s self-consciousness and avoidance behavior  (63.79%). In another study, David et al. (2014) concluded that cognitive  therapy resulted in better outcomes than wait-list in the treatment of  social anxiety disorder patients (78% of the subjects did not meet  avoidant personality criteria at the end of treatment). The study also  showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy was more superior to expressive  and art therapy in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (71%)  (David et al., 2014). 

Thank you for listening to me. 

I look forward to hearing from you on alternate therapeutic approaches. 

References

Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., & Wedekind, D. (2017). Treatment of anxiety             disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2), 93–107.

David M., C., Anke, E., Ann, H., Freda, M., Melanie, F., Nick, G., Louise, W., & Jennifer,          W. (2014). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social   phobia: A Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical             Psychology, 74(3), 568–578.

Kaczkurkin,  A. N., & Foa, E. B. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for  anxiety disorders:        an update on the empirical evidence. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 337–      346.

Pinjarkar,  R. G., Sudhir, P. M., & Math, S. B. (2015). Brief cognitive  behavior therapy in         patients with social anxiety disorder: A preliminary investigation. Indian Journal of       Psychological Medicine, 37(1), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.150808 

Thibaut F. (2017). Anxiety disorders: A review of current literature. Dialogues in Clinical           Neuroscience, 19(2), 87–88.

 Respond to your  colleagues .  Provide at least two additional treatment strategies that could be used  with this client and at least one additional cultural influence that you  think should be considered. Explain your responses. 

NOTE; (positive comment)

                                                          Main Post

Fostering

Every  year, a quarter of a million children come into foster care in this  country. Many of them will be placed in group homes or other group  residential settings because there are simply not enough foster families  to care for all of the children. Unlike birth parents, foster parents  receive training before they welcome children into their home and  support from social workers and other professionals throughout the  process. Foster parents often also have access to respite care programs  and find support through local organizations, such as churches, and  online support groups (“Adopt US kids,” 2020).

Psychological

Some  children entering into the foster system tend to have behavioral  issues, temper outbursts, anxiety, depression, and maltreatment. Providing  psychiatric services to children and adolescents in foster care require  collaboration not only with the clinical team, but also the child  welfare team. Team members include parents, foster parents, and the  social worker, at minimum. The team may also include representatives  from courts and others engaged by the child welfare system to conduct  assessments (eg, psychological, neuropsychological) (Scheid, 2020).  These children can get shuffled from place to place and could suffer  from adjustment disorders. Trauma related diagnosis could also be given.

Assessment

Child developmental  screenings coupled with clinical and functional assessment practices are  critical first steps in the intervention process.4 In addition,  gathering information related to family and community assets can help to  reinforce multidimensional and age-appropriate child assessments. The  Treatment Outcome Package (TOP) that is designed to help child welfare  systems gauge a child’s social and emotional well-being. TOP uses  statistically validated questions to identify children’s strengths and  challenges and track their progress over time using simple, web-based  tools. It features a short checklist completed by the child and those  closest to him or her — birth and foster parents, clinicians, teachers,  caseworkers — paired with immediate results and easy-to-follow reports.  TOP tracks and measures two things. It tracks how children are doing  using more than 40 child well-being indicators, such as how well a child  is sleeping or behaving in school, to help gauge whether a child’s  behavioral and mental health needs are improving through a particular  course of treatment. It also looks at specific providers’ track record  of delivering particular services. The more we know about both, the  better we can match kids’ needs with providers’ strengths (Feild, 2014).

Treatment Options

According to Psychiatric Times, Psychotherapy  is generally considered first line when addressing trauma- and  stressor-related emotional and behavioral conditions in children.  Strategies with empirical support include trauma-focused cognitive  behavioral therapy (TF-CBT); parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT),  which is suggested for children aged 2 to 7 years to improve parenting  skills and reduce children’s disruptive behavior; and attachment and  bio-behavioral catchup (ABC), which has been tested in toddlers in  foster care The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (www.nctsn.org)  provides information on a variety of evidence-based and promising  psychotherapeutic approaches for children exposed to maltreatment. This  can be coupled with SSRI’s for treatment of depression and anxiety.  Second generation antipsychotics and benzodiazepines for sleep  disorders.

Cultural Effects

Strong  cultural identity contributes to mental health resilience, higher  levels of social well-being, and improved coping skills, among other  benefits. Foster youth face and deal with trauma, changing home  environments, and lower levels of social well-being than the general  population. Often, due to this disruption, former foster youth have  lower cultural identity strength than those who did not experience  foster care. Child welfare practitioners must examine how they can best  support strong cultural identity in foster youth (Stafanson, 2019).

References

About foster parenting Foster parents change  lives—both the children’s and their own. (2020). Retrieved from  https://www.adoptuskids.org/adoption-and-foster-care/overview/foster-parenting

Feild, T. (2014, august 15, 2014). New Tool Measures Well-Being of Kids Served by Child Welfare Systems. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.aecf.org/blog/new-tool-measures-well-being-of-children-served-by-child-welfare-systems/

Scheid, J. M. (2020, May 15,2020). Challenges and Strategies in Foster Care. Psychiatric Times, 37. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/challenges-and-strategies-foster-care

Stafanson, A. H. (2019). Supporting Cultural  Identity for Children in Foster Care. Retrieved from  https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_interest/child_law/resources/child_law_practiceonline/january—december-2019/supporting-cultural-identity-for-children-in-foster-care/