need two case studies 

apa format

references must be less than 5 years 

must have at least 3 references.

please provide proof of turnitin.com 

no plagiarism

providing two templates you can use.

#1 Anxiety (differential diagnosis 1) Cardiac disease 2) Substance abuse 3) hyperthyroidism)

#2 Trichomoniasis (differential diagnosis 1) gonorrhea 2) chlamydia 3) vaginal cancer)

please provide 3 differential diagnosis as you will see what I’m referring to when you open my supporting files.

Please be familiar with nursing, medical terms, and carefully review the examples before responding. You may use the template case study to complete the assignment. 

Discussion: What Can America Learn From Japan?

As the week’s resources reveal, the Japanese experience demonstrates the importance of cultural issues, such as caring and sharing, that profoundly influence health outcomes. Without considering culture, one cannot begin to explain why Japan is the world’s healthiest nation on most mortality indicators despite having a high proportion of men smoking and the highest rates of low-birth weight babies among rich nations.

Furthermore, health outcomes in Japan are significantly better than those in the U.S., even though the U.S. spends much more on health care. What can the U.S. learn from this country?

Post a brief analysis of how reconstruction after World War II contributed to Japan’s contemporary health status. Then, summarize one significant political feature and one legal feature of Japan’s contemporary health care system that contributes to Japan’s population health status. Offer two reasons (historical, political, legal, and/or cultural) for the disparity between the Japanese and American populations in health achievement. Finally, suggest two lessons other countries can learn from the Japanese experience to improve their own health status. Expand on your insights utilizing the Learning Resources.

Use APA formatting for your Discussion and to cite your resources.

Scenario: 45-year-old woman presents with chief complaint of 3-day duration of shortness of breath, cough with thick green sputum production, and fevers. Patient has history of COPD with chronic cough but states the cough has gotten much worse and is interfering with her sleep. Sputum is thicker and harder for her to expectorate. CXR reveals flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter. Auscultation demonstrates hyper resonance and coarse rales and rhonchi throughout all lung fields. 

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following

• The      cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result      in the patient presenting these symptoms.
• Any      racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
• How      these processes interact to affect the patient.

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment IN APA FORMATE, PLAGIRISIM NOT ALLOW

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. 

Discussion 1: Moving Upstream to Improve Population Health Down the Road

Babies control and bring up their families as much as they are controlled by them; in fact the family brings up baby by being brought up by him.

—Erik H. Erikson

A growing body of evidence is linking adult chronic disease to processes and experiences occurring decades before these diseases manifest themselves. In some cases, intrauterine influences may be linked to long-term health outcomes.

A major challenge in population health is determining how to influence early life to produce good health in later years. Some countries do a better job in reducing socioeconomic inequalities and other determinants of health or mitigating their impact on children’s health and development than others. The challenge for public health professionals is to promote a greater understanding of the circumstances of early life and to foster policies to benefit those whose health ultimately depends on family and society.

Medical care in middle age can mitigate the consequences but cannot redress or change the impact of those early factors. Additionally, medical care when you are already ill is expensive, sometimes providing too much care too late to make a difference. As demonstrated this week, medical care is less important for producing good health outcomes later in life.

For this Discussion, you examine how the use of concepts of the developmental origins of life and health can influence adult morbidity. Your Discussion also challenges you to propose ways to improve child health that will also provide a long-term benefit on population health.

To prepare for this Discussion, complete the readings and view the media in your Learning Resources. Look online and in the Walden University Library for additional scholarly resources regarding the developmental origins of health and disease and the impact of childhood policies and programs on lifelong health to support your discussion post and replies.

This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

An important role of nursing is to provide health promotion and disease prevention. Review the 2020 Topics and Objectives on the Healthy People website. Choose a topic of interest that you would like to address, in conjunction with a population at-risk for the associated topic. Submit the topic and associated group to your instructor for approval.

Topic: STROKE Powerpoint- 3 slides on #1 and 3 slides on #2

Create a 6 slide PowerPoint presentation for your topic and focus group. Include speaker notes and citations for each slide, and create a slide at the end for References.

Address the following: ( STROKE)

1. Describe the approved topic and associated population your group has selected. Discuss how this topic adversely affects the population. How does health disparity affect this population?
2. Explain evidence-based approaches that can optimize health for this population. How do these approaches minimize health disparity among affected populationsCite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and public health content.

Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. 

1.In one-two paragraphs, summarize at least one healthcare policy that was adopted and implemented at the organizational level. (Please refrain from  discussions on HIPAA regulations in this forum). 

2. create a potential scenario where the policy you selected can benefit a population or healthcare institution. Your scenario should be applicable to one of the policies we learned this week or in other scholarly readings.

Write an answer based on this essay, do not answer one by one, just in general. use at least 2 references but not the same that appear here.

1. In the last century, what historical, social, political, and economic trends and issues have influenced today’s health-care system?  

The rapidly changing health care delivery system is driven by many forces that are influencing the current movement toward improved quality and safety. Some of these forces include economics, societal demographics and diversity regulation, technology, healthcare delivery and practice, and environment and globalization.

Economics: US health care delivery has been affected by many economic trends and issues. Businesses, government, and the media decry the cost of health care within the United States when compared with that of other developed nations (Whitehead, D., & Weiss, S. 2010). The cost of research and the cost to develop new treatments and technology are rising. Educated consumers will expect safe, quality care with associated satisfaction and health outcomes.

Societal demographics and diversity, increased numbers of racial and ethnic groups will influence health care delivery. Increased numbers of elderly people increase lifespan and improvements in technology mean an emphasis on specialized geriatric care. Both the elderly and ethnic minority are at risk population who suffer disadvantage in access payment and quality of care.

2. What is the purpose and process of evaluating the three aspects of health care: structure, process, and outcome?  

A Continuous Quality Improvement evaluates three aspect of health care: the structure within which the care is given, the process of given care, and the outcome of that care. 

Structure: refer to the setting in which the care is given and to resources that are available. There are aspects of the health care organization that can be evaluated: facility, equipment, staff, and finances. Although none of these structural factors alone can guaranty quality care, they make good care more likely.

Process: Process refers to the activity carried out by the healthcare providers and all the decision made while a patient is interesting with the organization. For example: setting of appointments, conducting a physical assessment, ordering a radiograph (Taylor, M. 2013). Each of these processes can be evaluated in terms of timeliness. When process data are collected a set of objectives, procedures, or guidelines id needed to serve as a stand or gauge against which to compare the activity.

Outcomes: An outcome is the result of all the healthcare providers’ activities. Outcomes measures evaluate the effectiveness of nursing activities by answering such questions as: Did the patient recover? Outcomes standard address indicators such as physical and mental health, social and physical function, health attitudes, knowledge, and behavior.

It is necessary to evaluate the process as well as the outcome to determine why an intervention such as patient teaching succeeds or fails. A comprehensive evaluation includes all three aspects: structure, process and outcome.

3. How does technology improve patient outcomes and the health-care system? 

Nurses must embrace technology and integrate it into their nursing practice. Technology will not go away. It will continue to transform health care delivery systems. Because of technology, individual and groups communicate in new ways; the way health care is delivery and acquired has changed. Nursing must continue to take a leadership role in the incorporation of technology in health care. Nursing informatics will provide the tools and skills to assist health care to move ahead in the ever changing world. Advances in technology may make vaccines for cancer and medications to prevent vascular disease available someday(Taylor, M. 2013). New organs and body parts that correct or improve function may be commonly accessible. It is conceivable that bloodless surgery will be performed and drugs without side effects will be developed. Computer programs and clinical simulator will be universally used for practice in health education. This all advanced technology will contribute to improve patient outcomes and health care system.

4. How can you intervene to improve quality of care and safety within the health-care    system and at the bedside?

To achieve safe patient care a culture of safety must exist. Organizations and senior leadership must drive change to develop culture safety blame free environment in which reporting of error is promoted and rewarded. A culture of safety promotes trust, honesty, openness, and transparency. Teamwork and involvement of the patient contributes to promoting a culture of safety. When a culture of safety exists individual providers do not fear reprisal and are not blamed for identifying or reporting error. Reported errors provide data and information necessary to understand why or how the error occurred, thus improving care and preventing harm.

5. Select one of the nonprofit organization or one government agency that influences and   advocates for quality improvement in the health-care system. Explore the   Web site for your selected organization/agency and answer the following questions: 

The National Patient Safety Foundation’s vision is to create a world where patients and those who care for them are free from harm. A central voice for patient safety since 1997, NPSF partners with patients and families, the health care community, and key stakeholders to advance patient safety and health care workforce safety and disseminate strategies to prevent harm. NPSF is an independent, not-for-profit organization.

 a) • What does the organization/agency do that supports the hallmarks of quality?   

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a U.S. government agency that functions as a part of the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) to support research to help improve the quality of health care. It uses a system of quality indicators to determine the standards of quality health care and if a provider is meeting those standards(Tappen, R. M., Weiss, S. A., & Whitehead, D. K. 2004). These indicators are divided into four subcategories that each monitor a different aspect of health care quality. Hospital performance results based on these quality indicators are reported on an HHS site called Hospital Compare and are published in an annual AHRQ survey. However, as a research organization, the AHRQ lacks the authority to penalize organizations who receive low marks for the quality indicators. In addition to its quality indicators, the AHRQ publishes the results of its research as reports, toolkits or other resources for health care providers. One AHRQ project, for example, is a toolkit that helps standardize health information exchange and the storage of personal health information The AHRQ’s document helps provide a more streamlined approach to health information technology data storage and exchange.

b)• What have been the results of their efforts for patients, facilities, the health-care  delivery system, and or the nursing profession?   

The health care sector in the United States consists of an array of clinicians, hospitals and other health care facilities, insurance plans, and purchasers of health care services, all operating in various configurations of groups, networks, and independent practices. Some are based in the public sector; others operate in the private sector as either for-profit or not-for-profit entities. The health care sector also includes regulators, some voluntary and others governmental. Although these various individuals and organizations are generally referred to collectively as “the health care delivery system,” the phrase suggests an order, integration, and accountability that do not exist. Communication, collaboration, or systems planning among these various entities is limited and is almost incidental to their operations. For convenience, however, the committee uses the common terminology of health care delivery system

c)• How has the organization/agency affected facilities where you are practicing and  your own professional practice. 

The health care sector in the United States consists of an array of clinicians, hospitals and other health care facilities, insurance plans, and purchasers of health care services, all operating in various configurations of groups, networks, and independent practices. Some are based in the public sector; others operate in the private sector as either for-profit or not-for-profit entities. The health care sector also includes regulators, some voluntary and others governmental. Although these various individuals and organizations are generally referred to collectively as “the health care delivery system,” the phrase suggests an order, integration, and accountability that do not exist. Communication, collaboration, or systems planning among these various entities is limited and is almost incidental to their operations. For convenience, however, the committee uses the common terminology of health care delivery system

Reference

Whitehead, D., & Weiss, S. (2010). In Essentials of nursing leadership and management (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

            Tappen, R. M., Weiss, S. A., & Whitehead, D. K. (2004). Essentials of nursing leadership and 

     management. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

Taylor, M. (2013). Shared governance in the modern university. Higher Education Quarterly, 

     67(1), 80-94.

Please summarise the attached pdf on one page. Please do not look up the book because you summaries another book for me last time when you summarised part one and indicate the page number as an Intex citation.    

Theories & Conceptual Models                        

            Theories, conceptual models, and practice research are the cornerstones of the nursing career. Nursing theories guide to research and improve nursing practice, which influences the healthiness and value of patients’ lives. Effective nursing practice needs to apply skills, caring, knowledge, and art to deliver care to the patients in a considerate, effective, and efficient manner. There are numerous theories and conceptual models used in advanced nursing practice. Nursing theories offer a foundational knowledge of care concepts that enable individuals in the advanced nursing practice to articulate evidence that validates their practice methods (Smith & Parker, 2015).  Nursing conceptual models provide a way for nurses to examine what they do and offer a patient assessment framework. In other words, nursing conceptual models entail related concepts and ideologies applied by nurse researchers in studies: they offer a mutual meaning to basic nursing concepts.

Theories and Conceptual Models for use in The Advanced Nursing Practice

Grand nursing theories, middle-range nursing theories, and practice-level nursing theories play a significant role in advanced nursing practice. Usually, grand nursing theories are complicated, abstract, and broad in scope. As such, they need detailed research for clarification. It is vital to mention that grand nursing theories arise from the nurse theorist’s experience and offer a general framework for nursing ideas on components such as environment, health, and people. Examples of the grand nursing models comprise Neuman’s systems model and Levine’s conservation model.

            Unlike the grand nursing theories, the middle-range theories narrow down into specific nursing areas. It is also vital to mention that Middle-range theories emerge from the theories of similar disciplines, research, and nursing practice (Brandão et al. 2017). Examples of mid-range theories include Mishel’s model of uncertainty in illness, Kolcaba’s comfort model, and Roy’s adaptation approach (Guan et al., 2020). Practice-level nursing theories are also significant theories in advanced nursing practice. The theories narrow their focus to specific concepts about a defined patient populace and a specified duration.

            The three previously discussed nursing theories help define what advanced practice nurses do and why they do it.  The theories are vital in advanced nursing practice because they help shape the delivery of patient care. Without the theories, the nursing practice would lack a linear focus. Again, the three previously discussed approaches are used in the advanced nursing practice to shape facilities’ healthcare delivery strategies in a manner that aligns with a range of expected outcomes. While the grand theories establish a broader framework, the middle-range and practice level approaches enable the governance of certain types of nurses or healthcare situations (Smith & Parker, 2015). It is essential to note the three nursing theories can only help provide high-quality healthcare if the advanced practice nurses are knowledgeable and skilled enough to work within their parameters efficiently.

            It is vital to note that nursing models’ central concepts are health, person, environment, and nursing (de Brito et al., 2017).  In this case, a person is the receiver of the nursing action while the environment is the recipients surrounding. Health is the patient’s illness or wellness state, while nursing refers to the nurses’ actions on behalf of the patient. Nurses use nursing conceptual models to deliver comprehensive, collaborative, and holistic care. Regardless of the nurses’ specialization, nursing theories and conceptual models create guidelines for both specific and general nursing practices by helping the nurses understand their role and purpose in a healthcare setting.

References

Brandão, M. A. G., Martins, J. S. A., Peixoto, M. D. A. P., Lopes, R. O. P., & Primo, C. C. (2017). Theoretical and methodological reflections for the construction of middle-range nursing theories. Texto Contexto Enferm, 26(4), e1420017.

De Brito, L. S. A., de Sousa, N. D. L., Alencar, A. M. P. G., Rebouças, V. D. C. F., Pinheiro, P. P., & Júnior, J. G. (2017). Concepts, theoretical models, and nursing theories: an integrative review. International Archives of Medicine, 10.

Guan, T., Guo, P., Santacroce, S. J., Chen, D. G., & Song, L. (2020, November). Illness Uncertainty and Its Antecedents for Patients With Prostate Cancer and Their Partners. In Oncology Nursing Forum (Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 721-731).

Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. http://docshare03.docshare.tips/files/26827/268274013.pdf

Our legacy in nursing as a profession began with Florence Nightingale and now it continues with you!

Add a new chapter to your journey and predict challenges facing nursing in the future.

• How do you see yourself leading others to resolve these issues.
• Comment on peer presentations. If students have selected a peer’s response several times, move onto another response so all students receive comments from peers.
• Incorporate ways of knowing through personal experiences, published empirical and theoretical sources to support your discussion, challenges and questions facing traditions, and/or new meanings that emerged from this discussion.