Describe three views of the cognitive changes that occur in early childhood.

PRESSURE ULCERS

Goals: While the intervention will not actually be carried out, the student will discuss the plan that could be implemented by a nurse to address the clinical issue. One short-term and one long-term goal of the intervention will be identified. The student will include a description of how attainment of each of the goals would be measured.

Develops a minimum of one short-term goal.

Develops a minimum of one long-term goal.

Includes the ways in which attainment of each of the goals will to be measured.

NO MORE THAN 2 PAGES…

THIS IS A GROUP PROJECT SO THIS IS MY PORTION.

100 words–Opioid crisis newsletter magazine THIS IS NOT AN ESSAY—-USE THE attached template as an example 

In New York state describe the effects of the opioid crisis on children. Include statistics data with your reasoning. 

300 words—Determine the ways in which the opioid crisis affects these children. Include the short- and long-term effects on society.

300 words—Describe how the crisis impacts children nationally. Compare this to the global opioid crisis.

300 words—Analyze the global consequences of the opioid crisis on children.

100 Connect the information learned to Anytown, and discuss the ways public health officials can help reduce the opioid crisis.

cite your resources both in text and with a reference list.

Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Ingram Publishing

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.

For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.

To Prepare

• Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
• Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.
• Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.
• Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples.

Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 1, “Prescriptive Authority” (pp. 1–3)
Chapter 2, “Rational Drug Selection and Prescription Writing” (pp. 4–7)
Chapter 3, “Promoting Positive Outcomes of Drug Therapy” (pp. 8–12)
Chapter 4, “Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Interactions” (pp. 13–33)
Chapter 5, “Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors” (pp. 34–42)
Chapter 6, “Individual Variation in Drug Response” (pp. 43–45)

American Geriatrics Society 2019 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 674–694. doi:10.1111/jgs.15767
American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults by American Geriatrics Society, in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 67/Issue 4. Copyright 2019 by Blackwell Publishing. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing via the Copyright Clearance Center.

This article is an update to the Beers Criteria, which includes lists of potentially inappropriate medications to be avoided in older adults as well as newly added criteria that lists select drugs that should be avoided or have their dose adjusted based on the individual’s kidney function and select drug-drug interactions documented to be associated with harms in older adults.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-a). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm

This website outlines the code of federal regulations for prescription drugs.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-b). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved May 13, 2019 from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html

This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (2006). Practitioner’s manual. Retrieved from http://www.legalsideofpain.com/uploads/pract_manual090506.pdf
This manual is a resource for practitioners who prescribe, dispense, and administer controlled substances. It provides information on general requirements, security issues, recordkeeping, prescription requirements, and addiction treatment programs.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-c). Registration. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/index.html

This website details key aspects of drug registration.

Fowler, M. D. M., & American Nurses Association. (2015). Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements: Development, Interpretation, and Application (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, Maryland: American Nurses Association.

This resource introduces the code of ethics for nurses and highlights critical aspects for ethical guideline development, interpretation, and application in practice.

Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2017). List of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list

This website provides a list of prescription-writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors.

Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.17

This article provides NPs with information regarding state-based laws for NP prescribing.

Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M., Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students. Journal of the American Association ofNursePractitioners, 29(5), 248–254. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12446

The authors of this article assess the impact of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention on family nurse practitioner (FNP) students’ prescribing skills, perception of preparedness to prescribe, and perception of pharmacist as collaborator.

Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

Introduction to Advanced Pharmacology
Meet Dr. Terry Buttaro, associate professor of practice at Simmons College of Nursing and Health Sciences as she discusses the importance of pharmacology for the advanced practice nurse. (8m)
Accessible player –Downloads–Download Video w/CCDownload AudioDownload Transcript

Nature Video. (2016). The evolution of oral anticoagulants [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gp-ucDRiaUA
Note: This media program is approximately 5 minutes.

Speed Pharmacology. (2015). Pharmacology – Pharmocokinetics (Made Easy) [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKV5iaUVBUI&t=16s
Note: This media program is approximately 14 minutes.

Speed Pharmacology. (2017).  Pharmacology – Diuretics (Made Easy) [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OBvNpnS0h4&t=664s
Note: This media program is approximately 18 minutes.

Speed Pharmacology. (2017). Pharmacology – Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Made easy) [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xSqezCMHnw&t=1205s
Note: This media program is approximately 23 minutes.

Speed Pharmacology. (2015). Pharmacology – Pharmocokinetics (Made Easy) [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKV5iaUVBUI&t=16s
Note: This media program is approximately 14 minutes.

Speed Pharmacology. (2016). Pharmacology – Adrenergic receptors & agonists (MADE EASY) [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtmV-yMDYPI&t=372s
Note: This media program is approximately 18 minutes.

Speed Pharmacology. (2017). Drugs for Hyperlipidemia (Made Easy) [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of1Aewx-zRM&t=24s
Note: This media program is approximately 14 minutes.

3 resources for this discussion

What is the main issue for your organization in addressing a solution to evidence-based nursing practice? Discuss what might be the first step in addressing and resolving this issue.

Choose one health-promoting behavior in which you personally could but don’t engage. Identify factors, as defined in the health promotion model, which contribute to your decision not to participate. Include immediate competing alternatives.

2. Analyze factors that contribute to your participation in a health-promoting activity and place each factor under the appropriate label from the health promotion model.

3. Consider your own philosophy of health and prepare your description of wellness. Is absence of disease more prominent than positive, active statements of health?

4. Anticipate the health-promoting behaviors important at various stages of development across the life span. What health promotion topics do you include in your practice?

I need a care plan done for the mental health patient in this video.

• Review Care plan patient: https://de.ryerson.ca/games/nursing/hospital/area.html#2

Enclosed is an example of a care plan and a blank care plan template

Points: 60 | Due Date: Week 7, Day 7 | CLO: 6 | Grade Category: Assignments

Assignment Prompt

The purpose of Reflection-in-Action is to reflect upon what one has learned or how one has performed as compared with one’s expectations or goals. This assignment will provide an opportunity for students to share their experiences, thoughts, feelings and learning moments from this course. 

Self understanding through reflection on life experiences, feelings, etc., is a core concept in Dr. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring.  

The Reflection for this course must address at least three (3) of the following topics:

• Learning moments or activities from this course
• Thoughts on evidence-based practice
• Evidence supporting Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
• Ethics in research
• Protecting human subjects in quality improvement or evidence-based practice projects
• Understanding or comfort level with statistics in nursing research and other research reports
• Perception of MSN graduates’ role in nursing research
• Creating and sustaining an Evidence-Based nursing environment
• Asking compelling, clinical questions
• Lessons learned while conducting evidence-based literature review

Expectations

• Due: Monday, 11:59 pm PT
• Length: A minimum of two and maximum of four pages (excluding the title and reference pages).  Submissions not meeting the minimum and maximum page requirements will receive a grade of zero. 
• Format: Formal paper, APA 7th ed format for body of paper and all citations. 

 Review the Capstone Paper Assignment Guide

• Download the template you will use to complete this Assignment
  • Walden University. Walden templates: General templates: APA course paper template with advice (6th ed.). Retrieved from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-2774360
  • Review the webinar on using a template.
    • Delete the abstract page in the template. This is not required for this course.
    • The template includes the correct font and formatting:  12 pt. Times New Roman font, double spacing, and 1 inch margins on all sides.
• Review the Academic Writing Expectations Checklist Capstone Level
  • Note the new expectations for Use of evidence and Credit to Source
  • Use a Scholarly Voice
    • http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/scholarlyvoice
    • http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/webinars/scholarlywriting#s-lg-box-2773859
  • Review the Walden University Writing Center webpage: Using Evidence: Synthesis
• Review the Week 3 Assignment Rubric
• Identify a quality improvement practice problem to be discussed in the Capstone paper (Contolling pain at the end of life_
  • Consider problems related to structure, process, outcomes, or patient experience.

Remember: Each section of the Capstone Paper must meet the Academic Writing Expectations for the Capstone Level.

For this Assignment, write a paragraph that addresses the following:

• Practice Problem )Controlling pain in dying pt or hospice pt
  • State the practice problem in measurable terms and that reflect quality indicators. Include data that suggests a practice problem exists. Do not use anecdotal experiences or opinions.
    • This is the same problem described in the Week 1 Practice Experience discussion.
    • Keep in mind that this section may need to be revised after you complete all of the other sections.
  • Provide the rationale for selecting the practice problem. See Chapter 3, page 69, Exhibit 3.15 in the Spath (2018) text for examples.

respond  to this discussion…

Two methods of evaluating evidence are quantitative and qualitative analysis

Qualitative analysis research is concerned with analyzing data, comparing metrics or data sets. Criteria is or uses formal instruments and prediction. Results and variable are objective. Methodologies involve hypothesis and theories to be verified through data and fact finding and data comparison.

Qualitative research is concerned with processes and meanings, patient perception and experience. Criteria is difficult to measure, requires interpretation and empathetic understanding. Results and variables are contextual. Methods used involve field work, records of behaviors, use of subjective devices such as interviews, drawing and journaling.