Copy and paste no references

1. What changes in veins occur to create varicose veins?
2. What is the disease process with superior vena cava syndrome?
3. How does atherosclerosis cause an aneurysm?
4. What are the differences between healthy vessel walls and those that promote clot formation?
5. What are the causes of pulmonary emboli?
6. What can trigger an immune response within the bloodstream that can result in an embolus?
7. Describe thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease).
8. Describe Raynaud disease.
9. What is the cause of the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension?
10. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney’s glomeruli as a result of hypertension?
11. What is the primary mechanism of atherogenesis?
12. What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
13. Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?
14. What alteration occurs in injured endothelial cells which contributes to atherosclerosis?
15. Differentiate between ischemia and infarction.
16. Which of the lipids is manufactured by the liver and primarily contains cholesterol and protein?
17. Which elevated lipid value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis?
18. What are the risk factors for developing coronary artery disease?
19. Which risk factor increases the risk of developing coronary artery disease up to threefold?
20. How does nicotine increases atherosclerosis?
21. Which lab test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?
22. Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable state for how many minutes?
23. Which form of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries?
24. What is the expected electrocardiogram pattern for a person when a thrombus in a coronary artery lodges in the vessel and the infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?
25. How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction?
26. How long after a myocardial infarction is the scar tissue that forms most vulnerable to injury?
27. What are the enzyme indicators of a myocardial infarction?
28. A patient complains of sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiates to the back and worsens with respiratory movement and when lying down. These clinical manifestations are indicative of which disease?
29. What is the significance of the pulsus paradoxus that occurs as a result of pericardial effusion?
30. Biventricular dilation is the result of which form of cardiomyopathy?
31. Which form of cardiomyopathy is characterized by ventricular dilation and grossly impaired systolic function, leading to dilated heart failure?
32. The hallmark of which form of cardiomyopathy is a disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum?
33. Which form of cardiomyopathy is usually caused by an infiltrative disease of the myocardium, such as amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, or glycogen storage disease?
34. Which are the clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis?
35. Aortic and mitral regurgitation as well as mitral stenosis are caused by which common disease?
36. Which predominantly female valvular disorder is thought to have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, as well as being associated with connective tissue disease?
37. Which disorder causes a transitory truncal rash that is nonpruritic and pink with erythematous macules that may fade in the center, making them appear as a ringworm?
38. Infective endocarditis is most often caused by which type of microorganism?
39. What are risk factors for infective endocarditis?
40. What is the most common cardiac disorder associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resulting from myocarditis and infective endocarditis?
41. What contributes to the physiologic changes that mediate ventricular remodeling?
42. In systolic heart failure, what effect does angiotensin II have on stroke volume?
43. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which heart failure may result from this condition?

Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Study Questions

1. When does most cardiovascular development occur?
2. What is the function of a patent opening between the left and right atria in a fetus?
3. At birth what is the most important change that takes place?
4. The foramen ovale is covered by a flap that creates a check valve allowing blood to flow unidirectionally from the _____ to the _____.
5. When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to rise?
6. Congenital heart defects that cause acyanotic congestive heart failure usually involve what kind of shunt?
7. Congenital heart defects that cause hypoxemia, and therefore cyanosis, usually involve what kind of shunt?
8. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?
9. An infant has a continuous-machine type of murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. The infant has a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
10. The infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is likely to present with what clinical manifestations?
11. An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. There is also a wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
12. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
13. How do children with tetralogy of Fallot compensate to relieve hypoxic spells?
14. What is the location coarctation of the aorta (COA)?
15. Classic manifestations of a systolic ejection murmur, cyanosis of the lower extremities, and decreased or absent femoral pulse are indicative of an older child with which congenital defect?
16. What is the most important clinical manifestation of aortic coarctation in the neonate?
17. Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border with an occasional ejection click?
18. Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection click at the upper left sternal border with a thrill palpated at the upper left sternal border?
19. Describe the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels.
20. Describe the cardiac defect of total anomalous pulmonary venous return.
21. Which heart defect results in a single vessel arising from both ventricles providing blood to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations?

Both the DNP prepared nurse and PhD prepared nurse have valuable and vital roles within the healthcare field.  PhD prepared nurses are skilled in the area of research methods, such as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research methods (Trautman, Idzik, Hammersla & Rosseter, 2018), therefore are research centered.  PhD prepared nurses are defined as linking research, teaching, and practice within the nursing profession (Andreassen & Christensen, 2018).  According to a quantitative study by Andrerassen & Christensen the number of PhD nurses is growing worldwide.  A priority of the PhD nurse is to complete practice based research with a goal to maintain a positive overall impact on patient care. 

   The DNP program was intended to prepare the advanced practice nurse to become a leader in a clinical practice setting (McCauley, Broome, Frazier, Hayes, Kurth, Musil, Norman, Rideout & Villarruel, 2020), therefore is more focused on clinical practice.  DNP prepared nurses often find themselves bridging the gap between research and the bedside (Trautman et al., 2018).  DNP nurses lead quality improvement initiatives while utilizing data to translate research into evidence based practice (Trautman et al., 2018).  Over the years the number of DNP programs available for one to enhance their education has grown.  DNP nurses complete coursework involving assessments of the most up to date technologies available to prescribers and will be prepared to apply this technology in the workforce to solve various problems (McCauley et al., 2020), such as solving emerging problems during this pandemic.   

   Both roles (DNP and PhD) aim at improving one’s healthcare services and wellbeing also are degrees of the highest level of nursing practice.  The goal of both the DNP and PhD prepared nurse is to have a positive patient care outcome.   Nurses have the opportunity to obtain either a PhD or DNP while expanding their knowledge in the healthcare field.  Overall this is a great opportunity,  one is able to choose what career path most suits them and their career goals.  I am excited to take advantage of this educational pathway with a goal to practice in a PMHNP role leader position.  I fully intend to  pursue my career in the mental health field and strengthen my clinical practice skills.   

                                                                                        References

Andreassen P., & Christensen M.K. (2018). “We’re at a watershed”: The positioning of PhD 

nurses in clinical practice. Journal of  Advanced Nursing, 74(8), 1–11. doi.org/ 10.1111/jan.13581

McCauley, L. A., Broome, M. E., Frazier, L., Hayes, R., Kurth, A., Musil, C. M., Norman, L. D., 

Rideout, K. H., & Villarruel, A. M. (2020). Doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree in the United States: Reflecting, readjusting, and getting back on track. Nursing outlook, 68(4), 494–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.03.008

Trautman, D.E., Idzik, S., Hammersla, M., Rosseter, R., (2018). Advancing Scholarship through 

Translational Research: The Role of PhD and DNP Prepared Nurses. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(2) 1-1. doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No02Man02

Students will:

• Apply documentation skills to examine family therapy sessions *
• Develop diagnoses for clients receiving family psychotherapy *
• Analyze legal and ethical implications of counseling clients with psychiatric disorders *

* The Assignment related to this Learning Objective is introduced this week and submitted in Week 3.

Select two clients you observed or counseled this week during a family therapy session. Note: The two clients you select must have attended the same family session.

Then, address in your Practicum Journal the following:

• Using the Group Therapy Progress Note in this week’s Learning Resources, document the family session.
• Describe (without violating HIPAA regulations) each client, and identify any pertinent history or medical information, including prescribed medications.
• Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), explain and justify your diagnosis for each client.
• Explain any legal and/or ethical implications related to counseling each client.
• Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

1) Minimum 10 full pages (Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per part)

              Part 1: Minimum 1 page

              Part 2: minimum 1 page

              Part 3: minimum 1 page

              Part 4: minimum 1 page 

              Part 5: Minimum 4 pages

             Part 6: minimum 1 page

              Part 7: minimum 1 page

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

          All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs

          Bulleted responses are not accepted

          Dont write in the first person 

          Dont copy and pase the questions.

          Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

         Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question.

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.doc 

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: 

1. What is the significance of evidence-based practice to health care? 

2. Discuss the most reliable evidence-based sources.

Part 2: 

 Topic research proposal :  Knowledge about HIV / AIDS and sexual behavior in adolescents in the San Francisco Community, California.

Now that you have submitted your research proposal and you are preparing to submit your research proposal presentation, 

1. How confident do you feel about developing a research proposal as part of your future career as a nurse researcher? Explain your answer. 

2. What questions or concerns do you still have about conducting research in nursing?

Part 3: 

Select one of the future issues presented this week :  Health Promotion

1. Examine the issue in terms of cultural diversity, health promotion, and communication methods.

2.  Discuss in detail how this issue affects healthcare delivery and advanced nursing. 

Part 4: 

 1. What are the challenges encountered in data collection as it applies to research?

2. What are the types of interview technique when interviewing participants? 

3. List your preferences  of types of interview techniqueand tell us why?

Part 5: 

As discussed earlier in this course, your personal teaching philosophy is a work in progress. You will revisit and revise your teaching philosophy that you submitted (See File 1). As part of this assignment, you should evaluate your original philosophy and include a one-page discussion of how your thoughts and ideas about teaching have changed and developed during this course. Guidelines for revising your teaching philosophy and the one-page discussion are below.

Assignment Guidelines (3 pages)

1. Reflect on the teaching principles and practices discussed during the course.

2. What did you learn about teaching that you did not know prior to this course?

3. What stood out as important to you over the past 8 weeks?

4. Consider how you might expand, adapt, or change your original philosophy to your current perspective on teaching (or you may feel compelled to take it in a completely new direction).

5. Clearly express your current teaching values and beliefs, and discuss why you hold those values and beliefs (whether or not they have changed).

6. Describe your current teaching goals (whether or not they have changed).

7. Explain the teaching methods or strategies that you believe are best (whether or not they are different from your original philosophy). Note: make sure the teaching methods you find best are consistent with your goals.

Discussion evaluating (1 page) how your personal thoughts and ideas about teaching have changed during this course.

Compare your original philosophy (File 1) y to your revised teaching philosophy and evaluate the following in a one-page written discussion:

1. Have your teaching goals, methods, or strategies changed, and if so, how and why? Have your teaching priorities and/or perspectives changed or shifted, and if so, how and why?

2. Do you value different learning experiences, and if so, what are they and why?

3. Include any additional information that may highlight how your thoughts and ideas have changed or developed during this course.

Part 6: 

1. What do you think would be the response of historical nursing leaders such as Florence Nightingale, Lillian Wald, and Mary Breckenridge if they could see what the profession of nursing looks like today?

Part 7: 

The five elements of the nursing process are all incorporated into the patient’s plan of care and revised as the patient’s health status changes.

A patient is admitted with chest pain following a visit with her family health care provider. Using the “OLD CART” method of gathering pertinent data

1. Discuss the type of questions you will be asking this patient in relation to her chest pain.

2. Discuss the five components of the nursing process as it relates to the above patient. 

 Please write a one-page summary that tells me what your career interests. my career interest is  nursing. Tell me how  pharmacology  will play a part in your journey toward that career. How will it play a part? Why is it important? 

 Week 6 A Comprehensive Health Education Program Presentation on a Specific Vulnerable Population                         

Your presentation should be at least 15–20 slides, not including your cover slide or reference slides. Your reference slides should cite at least seven references. Your presentation should, at the minimum, include the following topics regarding your chosen vulnerable population and related health education program/plan:Clearly states population chosenDescribes the vulnerable populationStates the current population demographicsDiscusses background of the problem, and its effect on public healthDiscusses the cultural background of the selected population and any relevant history pertaining to the populationDiscusses the psychosocial concerns and/or norms of the populationDiscusses the economic concerns of the population including, but not limited to, income levels, educational levels and occupationDiscusses specific health concerns of the populationInformation on specific risk factors for target population is presented concisely and accuratelyDiscusses prevention and control of health concerns and risk factors (primary, secondary and tertiary)Discusses the role of the public health nurse in caring for vulnerable populationsStates the core functions of public health and applies it to the care of the specific populationThree local agencies/facilities delivering services to the target population are identified and accessibility and service rendered are fully describedAdditional resources needed in the community are identified.Information discussed is current, within the last 5 years.

PD: The vulnerable population I choose was low income and homeless families, I attached the work I Did before for you to know better what I wrote.You can write about the vulnerable population following the question the professor ask and do it in slices(Power point)

Vulnerable populations face many healthcare issues that are mainly exacerbated by social factors. My chosen vulnerable population is low income and homeless families. This group of people is considered medically vulnerable because they are susceptible to chronic illnesses and do not have the financial capability to access quality healthcare. These people are also more prone to behavioral health issues and mental illnesses. The impact of these chronic illnesses tends to be more severe because of the low income and homeless families do not have adequate access to quality healthcare. Their healthcare options are limited by their economic status. Other issues faced by these populations include stigmatization and discrimination. A big percentage of them are uninsured. This increases their morbidity and mortality rates compared to other populations. 

I chose this population because I believe that with the right strategies and policies in place, they can be helped to achieve positive health outcomes. Due to their low income, this population also has a very low literacy level which means that they have trouble understanding basic healthcare concepts. I believe that by empowering this population and facilitating healthcare education, a positive outcome can be achieved. 

By addressing the issues faced by this population, healthcare disparities will be reduced or totally eliminated. Quality healthcare should be made accessible to all people regardless of the socio-economic status of the individuals. Patient advocacy is also something that is very crucial for this population due to their minimal understanding of healthcare issues and how the healthcare system operates. As Richard, et.al, state, this population may be “subjected to coercion or may be compromised in their ability to give informed consent to receive medical or surgical treatments or to participate in research” (Richard, et.al, 2016). Patient advocacy is therefore crucial when handling low-income families and the homeless.

Discuss an EBP initiative that was implemented in a health care setting (use fictitious names for people and places) and whether it was successful or not sustainable, with rationale. Choose one of four models of organizational change (Melnyk [2019],  Chap. 15, pp. 432-437) that you would use in an advanced nursing role to enhance sustainability of EBP initiatives.

Expectations

Initial Post:

• Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
• Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA format from within the last 5 years

Consider what was happening in nursing in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s with the change from diploma programs to an associate degree program. Martha Rogers believed that nursing is a separate and essential discipline and a unique field of study. She worked hard to establish nursing in higher education. Explain the importance of this shift and how it impacted nursing as a profession.

 Populations are considered at greater health risk when there is high child and infant mortality. Brain development in infants and young children requires dietary resources to ensure cognitive development. Health disparities result in infectious disease being more prevalent among the poor. 1. Select a specific at risk and vulnerable population to research by finding a study related to the healthcare and food access available to them. (Infant and children mortality in Kenya) 2. Discuss the level of infant and child mortality found in that population. 3. Include poverty and education statistics that you find. 4. Are there lessons that can be learned and applied to Saudi Arabia’s population? (in comparison to Kenya) 

The discussion assignment provides a forum for discussing relevant topics for this week on the basis of the course competencies covered. For this assignment, make sure you post your initial response to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned and complete your participation for this assignment by Day 7. To support your work, use your course and text readings and also use resources from the South University Online Library.As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Support your work, using your course lectures and textbook readings. Helpful APA guides and resources are available in the South University Online Library. Below are guides that are located in the library and can be accessed and downloaded via the South University Online Citation Resources: APA Style page. The American Psychological Association website also provides detailed guidance on formatting, citations, and references at APA Style.
• APA Citation Helper
• APA Citations Quick Sheet
• APA-Style Formatting Guidelines for a Written Essay
• Basic Essay Template

TASK

Post your initial response to the topic below.

In community and public health nursing, the target of care is the community, thus the community is the client receiving the care. The role of the nurse is to evaluate health concerns and develop an aggregate plan of care to address those concerns. Aggregates or target populations in the community may include child care centers, cities, counties, senior centers, homeless shelters, minority communities, faith-based organizations, work sites, schools, or other populations.

• Identify and discuss a few targeted populations in your community that are of interest to you.
• Provide your rationale  for the selections identified.