Responding to the peer discussions 

In collaboration with the approved course preceptor, students will identify a specific evidence-based topic for the capstone project change proposal. Write a 150-250 word summary explaining which category your topic and intervention are under (community or leadership). (the topic should be Lack of adherence with after discharge planning, patients do not follow instructions after discharge, do not go to follow up appointments, no support system, most of these patients are homeless with history of substance abuse. This is a longterm/rehabilitation facility (Jackson Memorial Perdue Medical Center located in Miami) Interventions will be under community

As a nurse in a healthcare organization, it has become evident that patient outcome data have been consistently declining in some patient care settings. Some of the outcomes under inspection include patient Hospital acquired pressure injury (HAPI), (4 % increase in the last 6 months) .

You have investigated contributing factors to the declining outcomes and participated with a team approach to developing an evidence-based practice project. After reading this article Aiken Article titled “The effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patent deaths in hospital with different nurse work environment”, PICO: In patients with HAPIs, how does nurse staffing contributes to HAPI decline in patient’s outcome? Was developed.

Complete the following categories for an EBP project (based on the case scenario above). Use the clinical question that was developed based on the PICO format. Include minimum of 10 articles reviews. For this assignment address the following areas:

• Title Page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Background
• Problem Statement
• Purpose of the Project
• Clinical Question(s)
• Review of the Literature

Week 2 Discussion: Religion and Ethics

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

• Textbook: Chapters 3, 4
• Lesson
• Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Ebook Uploaded below:

Rachels, S., & Rachels, J. (2019). The elements of moral philosophy (9th ed.)

Initial Post Instructions
St. Augustine in the 5th Century held that we are free to make choices in life. This is the idea of free will. It may seem at first glance odd for a religious thinker to say that we have free will. After all, if God exists, then God created all things. God knows already what we will do. God can cause anything to occur. If we cause things to occur, that seems to be a limitation on the power of God and not make God all-powerful.

There are also religion traditions that say that we have no free will. There are some theologians in Islam who seem to suggest that is true. In order for this line of reasoning to hold true, one would need to believe free will is an illusion and that we have no control over how we live our lives, but rather that we are puppets moving and acting due to God’s will and the powers of destiny and fate. And if this then in the case, how can we possibly be responsible for our actions?

The considerations above show us to what degree our religious beliefs can shape us. For instance, someone who believes in free will may experience way more guilt than someone who believes we don’t have free will and thus aren’t responsible for the choices (and consequences) of the actions we take.

Personal struggles with religion and ethics occur in many places, including in the healthcare arena. Consider the following: You are a nurse in a hospital. A 12 year-old was brought to the hospital by an ambulance. The parents have just arrived at the hospital. This 12 year-old has lost a large amount of blood and requires a transfusion. The parents happen to be members of a religion that believes that blood transfusions are immoral. They want to remove the child from the hospital and prevent the transfusion even if it means the death of the child. You have to decide whether or not you will participate in an action that violates the will of the parents and aid in providing blood for the child. If you choose to participate, and even if you are able to legally justify it, you have to think about the distress you are creating for the parents. If you refuse to aid here, you may be subject to retaliation from the hospital. What is the moral thing for the nurse to do here?

Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, address the following questions:

1. What would a divine command ethicist say is the moral thing to do here? Why would they say that? Do you agree with the divine command ethics? Why or why not?
2. Evaluate what a natural law ethicist would say is right to do. Do you agree with them? Why or why not?
3. Given what you said are the right things to do, what would an emotivist say about your positions and judgments? What role does subjectivity play here in determining what is ethical?

Writing Requirements

• Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside scholarly source)
• APA format for in-text citations and list of references

Criteria

Initial Post Content: Addresses all aspects of the initial discussion question(s), applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding regarding all weekly concepts.

Evidence & Sources: Integrates evidence to support discussion from assigned readings** OR online lessons, AND at least one outside scholarly source.*** Sources are credited.*

Professional Communication: Presents information using clear and concise language in an organized manner (minimal errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).

Notes

Credited means stating where the information came from (specific article, text, or lesson). Examples: our text discusses…., The information from our lesson states…, Smith (2010) claimed that…, Mary Manners (personal communication, November 2017)…

**Assigned readings are those listed on the syllabus or assignments page as required reading. This may include text readings, required articles, or required websites.

***Scholarly source – per APA Guidelines, only scholarly sources should be used in assignments. These include peer-reviewed publications, government reports, or sources written by a professional or scholar in the field. Wikipedia, Wikis, .com websites or blogs should not be used as anyone can add information to these sites. For the discussions, reputable internet sources such as websites by government agencies (.gov) and respected organizations (.org) can be counted as scholarly sources. Outside sources do not include assigned required readings.

Antibiotic Resistance

 Some of the methods that I will recommend to resolve the issue of microbial resistance include immunization, handwashing, healthy food preparation, and antibiotic use only when necessary and as directed by the physician. Also, the avoidance of infections helps prevent the spread of resistant bacteria. There is also a need to develop new antibiotics to keep up with resistant bacteria in combination with new diagnostic tests to monitor the progress of resistance. 

Antibiotic resistance is often overlooked in health care and by practitioners due to the lack of knowledge on research to detect resistance during patient care and their knowledge of supportive research that supports alternative options besides the use of antibodies in every treatment plan.  

What is some supportive scholarly research you have found or have come across that supports your recommended options, such as hand washing, diet, etc.?  

1 page, good discussion reply, use at least 2 peer-reviewed, scholarly sources.

Short, easy! 

Medscape assignments:

• Sign into your Medscape.com account. Search for “Putting GI Risk in Perspective: How Safe are OTC Analgesics?” in the search bar – linked below for your convenience.(You will need to copy and paste url into a new tab).  
  • https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/931873 (Links to an external site.)

Once you complete  the Medscpae CME, upload your completion certificate to the assignment submission in Canvas. Log back into Medscape, Click on the middle heading of CME and education, in the top right corner will be a box that says view tracker- click that.  If you scroll down you will see your completions listed. One of the options on the right side of the screen will be to view your certificate.  

Assignment: Applying Current Literature to Clinical Practice

Psychiatric mental health nursing practice is one of the newest disciplines to be licensed to provide psychotherapy As such, the majority of psychotherapy research is centered on other disciplines such as psychology, social work, marriage/family therapy, art therapy, psychiatry, and mental health counseling. This makes it essential for you to be able to translate current literature from other disciplines into your own clinical practice. For this Assignment, you practice this skill by examining literature on group work and group therapy and considering its applicability to your own clients.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate the application of current literature to clinical practice

To prepare:

• Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide on group work and group therapy.
• Select one of the articles from the Learning Resources to evaluate for this Assignment.

Note: In nursing practice, it is not uncommon to review current literature and share findings with your colleagues. Approach this Assignment as though you were presenting the information to your colleagues.

The Assignment

In a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation, address the following:

• Provide an overview of the article you selected, including answers to the following questions:
  • What type of group was discussed?
  • Who were the participants in the group? Why were they selected?
  • What was the setting of the group?
  • How often did the group meet?
  • What was the duration of the group therapy?
  • What curative factors might be important for this group and why?
  • What “exclusion criteria” did the authors mention?
• Explain the findings/outcomes of the study in the article. Include whether this will translate into practice with your own client groups. If so, how? If not, why?
• Explain whether the limitations of the study might impact your ability to use the findings/outcomes presented in the article.

Note: The presentation should be 5–10 slides, not including the title and reference slides. Include presenter notes (no more than a half page per slide) and use tables and/or diagrams where appropriate. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from the article you selected. Support your presentation with evidence-based literature.

 Theory Development and Evaluation

In the field of nursing, it’s important to examine the science and art of theory development and evaluation. One of the most critical components to nursing is the idea of theory development as it helps to advance knowledge of the discipline. Historically, most nursing theorists did not set out to create a nursing theory. Most published authors began building a theory as a way to improve care delivered to patients, either through improving direct clinical practice or by educating future nurses (Alejandro, 2017). These theorists were considered risk takers with lifetime commitments to the nursing profession as a whole (Alejandro, 2017). By seeking to improve and change the way nurses’ practice, researchers have been able to study ways in which to create standard works from evidence-based practice as a working theory (Butts & Rich, 2015). The different components of a theory such as the concepts, statements, and theoretical assertions further explain the said theory and its importance.  

Furthermore, nursing theories set forth into motion the better understanding of nursing phenomena and guide scholarly development of the science of nursing practice through research (Butts & Rich, 2015). A nursing theory aims to address a phenomenon of a particular interest that is being proposed with several considerations follow, such as its completeness and logic, internal consistency, and correspondence with empirical findings. The basics of the theory also need to be determined whether it has been defined operationally for testing (Butts & Rich, 2015). By analyzing in this way, the researcher is able to further develop the theory in a logical manner (Butts & Rich, 2015). The theory is developed by accumulating scientific evidence with rigorous research to either refute or support the proposed statements. Nursing theory development is not hard to understand, they are created in a pursued systematic scholarly effort. Strict development of nursing theories, then, is a high priority for the future of the discipline and the practice of nursing profession (Alejandro, 2017). 

Overall, the systematic development of theories allows for best implementation and peer evaluation. The one aspect that all theories have in common, of each approaching theory development in a precise, systematic manner, allows for one to make the stages of development explicit. Nurses must systematically assess their proposed theory of nursing and then publish it for the nursing community to review and debate engages in a process that is critical to advancement of theory development (Alejandro, 2017). Then, as the scholarly work is published as literature and peer-reviewed, other nurse theoreticians and researchers review and critique the adequacy of the logical processes used in the development of the theory (Alejandro, 2017). These unbiased reviewers are able to evaluate with fresh eyes the relation of the theory to practice and other available research findings (Gray, Grove, & Sutherland, 2018). Overall, theories are explicit and open to question and examination as part of their development and implementation (Nilsen,2015).  However, if deductions from a theory are incorrect, the theory can be adapted, extended or abandoned. Theories are more consistent with existing facts, which usually means a hypothesis based on an established theory is a more educated guess (Gray, Grove, & Sutherland, 2018). Furthermore, theories give individual facts a meaningful context and contribute towards building an integrated body of knowledge (Alejandro, 2017). 

References

Alejandro, J. (2017, February). Lessons learned through nursing theory : Nursing2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020, from https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2017/02000/Lessons_learned_through_nursing_theory.12.aspx 

Butts, J. & Rich, K. (2015). Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice (3rd edition) Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning ISBN:978-1-284-11224-5 

Gray, J., Grove, S. & Sutherland, S. (2018). Burns and Grove’s The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence (8th ed.).St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0323377584 

Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation science : IS, 10, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0 (Links to an external site.)

assignments

Sustaining change can be difficult, as there are many variables that can affect implementation. One critical component of EBP is to ensure that practice change is part of an organization’s culture so it will continue to impact outcomes over time. Name two potential barriers that may prevent your EBP change proposal from continuing to obtain the same desired results 6 months to a year from now, and your strategies for overcoming these barriers.